The agrarian populist movement of the late nineteenth century remains among the largest social movement and third-party revolts in American history. It embodied a full-scale critique and mobilization against the inequities of the Gilded Age, and its influence stretched well into the Progressive and New Deal eras. While most accounts of the movement and party’s emergence and rapid demise have centered on economic conditions and interests, we link movement and third-party emergence and failure to the institutional arena second only to partisan politics in its impact on southern society at large, namely organized religion, particularly evangelical Protestantism. This article offers the first systematic analysis of the extent to which organized religion in the South channeled the mobilization of agrarian populism. The results both support and contradict the argument that agrarian populism was rooted in organized southern religion by suggesting that evangelical Protestantism channeled the mobilization of the Farmers’ Alliance movement but not the People’s Party. While white southern evangelical religion served as a potent cultural resource and mobilizing structure for the movement, the move to partisan politics helped create a disjuncture between movement and party from which Populism never recovered.

中文翻译：

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在天作之合？南方福音派与 1890 年代农业民粹主义的兴衰

十九世纪后期的农业民粹主义运动仍然是美国历史上最大的社会运动和第三方起义之一。它体现了对镀金时代不平等现象的全面批判和动员，其影响一直延伸到进步和新政时代。虽然关于运动和政党的出现和迅速消亡的大多数描述都集中在经济条件和利益上，但我们将运动和第三方的出现和失败与制度领域联系起来，仅次于党派政治对整个南方社会的影响，即有组织的宗教，尤其是福音派的新教。本文首次系统地分析了南方有组织的宗教在多大程度上引导了农业民粹主义的动员。结果既支持也反对农业民粹主义植根于有组织的南方宗教的论点，表明福音派新教引导了农民联盟运动而不是人民党的动员。虽然南方白人福音派宗教是该运动的有力文化资源和动员结构，但转向党派政治有助于在运动与政党之间造成脱节，而民粹主义从未从中恢复过来。