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SELF-OWNERSHIP AND DESPOTISM: LOCKE ON PROPERTY IN THE PERSON, DIVINE DOMINIUM OF HUMAN LIFE, AND RIGHTS-FORFEITURE
Social Philosophy and Policy ( IF 0.3 ) Pub Date : 2020-02-10 , DOI: 10.1017/s0265052519000438
Johan Olsthoorn

:This essay explores the meaning and normative significance of Locke’s depiction of individuals as proprietors of their own person. I begin by reconsidering the long-standing puzzle concerning Locke’s simultaneous endorsement of divine proprietorship and self-ownership. Befuddlement vanishes, I contend, once we reject concurrent ownership in the same object: while God fully owns our lives, humans are initially sole proprietors of their own person. (Our property rights in our life and body are restricted to possession, use, and usufruct.) Locke employs two conceptions of “personhood”: as expressing legal independence vis-à-vis humans and moral accountability vis-à-vis God. Humans own their person in the first sense. As original proprietors of their own person, individuals are entitled to subject themselves to self-chosen authorities, thereby incurring obligations of obedience. But they may not choose just any authority. Divine ownership of human life delimits personal self-ownership by restricting the ways in which humans can dispose of their persons: we cannot possibly consensually subject ourselves to absolute and arbitrary power. Locke’s rights-forfeiture theory for crime makes slavery and despotism nonetheless potentially rightful conditions. I argue that, paradoxically, divine dominium of human life underpins both the impermissibility of voluntary enslavement and the justifiability of penal slavery. My analysis helps explain why modern Lockean theories of self-ownership that reject Locke’s theological premises have adopted an ambiguous stance toward despotic rule.

中文翻译:

私有制与专制:锁定人身财产权、人命神权和权利没收

: 本文探讨洛克将个人描述为自己的所有者的意义和规范意义。我首先重新考虑长期存在的关于洛克同时认可神性所有权和自我所有权的难题。我认为,一旦我们拒绝对同一对象同时拥有所有权,困惑就会消失:虽然上帝完全拥有我们的生命,但人类最初是他们自己的唯一所有者。(我们对生命和身体的财产权仅限于占有、使用和使用权。)洛克使用了两种“人格”概念:表达对人类的法律独立和对上帝的道德责任。人类首先拥有自己的人。作为自己的原始所有者,个人有权服从自我选择的权威,从而产生服从的义务。但他们可能不会随便选择任何权威。对人类生命的神圣所有权通过限制人类处置自己的方式来界定个人的自我所有权:我们不可能自愿让自己服从绝对和专断的权力。洛克针对犯罪的权利没收理论使奴隶制和专制制度成为潜在的正当条件。我认为,自相矛盾的是,人类生活的神圣统治既支持了自愿奴役的不允许性,也支持了刑事奴隶制的正当性。我的分析有助于解释为什么拒绝洛克神学前提的现代洛克自我所有权理论对专制统治采取了模棱两可的立场。对人类生命的神圣所有权通过限制人类处置自己的方式来界定个人的自我所有权:我们不可能自愿让自己服从绝对和专断的权力。洛克针对犯罪的权利没收理论使奴隶制和专制制度成为潜在的正当条件。我认为,自相矛盾的是,人类生活的神圣统治既支持了自愿奴役的不允许性,也支持了刑事奴隶制的正当性。我的分析有助于解释为什么拒绝洛克神学前提的现代洛克自我所有权理论对专制统治采取了模棱两可的立场。对人类生命的神圣所有权通过限制人类处置自己的方式来界定个人的自我所有权:我们不可能自愿让自己服从绝对和专断的权力。洛克针对犯罪的权利没收理论使奴隶制和专制制度成为潜在的正当条件。我认为,自相矛盾的是,人类生活的神圣统治既支持了自愿奴役的不允许性,也支持了刑事奴隶制的正当性。我的分析有助于解释为什么拒绝洛克神学前提的现代洛克自我所有权理论对专制统治采取了模棱两可的立场。洛克针对犯罪的权利没收理论使奴隶制和专制制度成为潜在的正当条件。我认为,自相矛盾的是,人类生活的神圣统治既支持了自愿奴役的不允许性,也支持了刑事奴隶制的正当性。我的分析有助于解释为什么拒绝洛克神学前提的现代洛克自我所有权理论对专制统治采取了模棱两可的立场。洛克针对犯罪的权利没收理论使奴隶制和专制制度成为潜在的正当条件。我认为,自相矛盾的是,人类生活的神圣统治既支持了自愿奴役的不允许性,也支持了刑事奴隶制的正当性。我的分析有助于解释为什么拒绝洛克神学前提的现代洛克自我所有权理论对专制统治采取了模棱两可的立场。
更新日期:2020-02-10
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