The article identifies some of the rarely recalled phenomena accompanying Poland's path towards independence. First is the level of economic, cultural, and everyday integration with imperial centers. Second is the growing intensity of interethnic strife. Third, the social turmoil, at times bordering on popular revolt, started in 1917 and lasted long after 1918. Fourth is the large-scale economic transformation and deprivations that this transformation brought about. Finally is the general longing for restoring law and order, a feeling that facilitated actions by minor groups of nationalists capable of creating at least a rudimentary state apparatus. None of the newly-created states of east central Europe was a result of consequent political action. Rather, they came into existence out of the interplay of social, economic, and cultural factors.

中文翻译：

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一个世纪的选择性无知：波兰 1918-2018

这篇文章指出了伴随波兰走向独立的一些鲜为人知的现象。首先是与帝国中心的经济、文化和日常融合水平。二是民族冲突日益激烈。第三，1917年开始的社会动乱，有时近乎民众起义，持续到1918年之后。第四是这种转变带来的大规模经济转型和剥夺。最后是对恢复法律和秩序的普遍渴望，这种感觉促进了少数民族主义者的行动，这些民族主义者至少能够建立一个基本的国家机器。中欧东部新成立的国家都不是随之而来的政治行动的结果。相反，它们是在社会、经济和文化因素的相互作用下产生的。