ArgumentThe article retraces the shifting conceptualizations of psychological trauma in experimental psychopathological research in the middle decades of the twentieth century in the United States. Among researchers studying so-called experimental neuroses in animal laboratories, trauma was an often-invoked category used to denote the clash of conflicting forces believed to lead to neurotic suffering. Experimental psychologists, however, soon grew skeptical of the traumatogenic model and ultimately came to reject neurosis as a disease entity. Both theoretical differences and practical circumstances, such as the technical challenge of stabilizing neurotic symptoms in rats, led to this demise. Yet, despite their reservations, experimental psychologists continued to employ traumatic stimuli to produce psychopathological syndromes. In the 1960s, a new understanding of trauma evolved, which emphasized the loss of control experienced by traumatized animal subjects. These shifting ideas about trauma, I argue, reflect both varying experimental cultures, epistemic norms as well as changing societal concerns.

中文翻译：

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实验中创伤的用途：创伤性压力和实验性神经症的历史，c。1925–1975

论点本文追溯了 20 世纪中叶美国在实验性精神病理学研究中心理创伤的概念化转变。在动物实验室研究所谓的实验性神经症的研究人员中，创伤是一个经常被引用的类别，用于表示被认为会导致神经症痛苦的冲突力量的冲突。然而，实验心理学家很快对创伤模型产生了怀疑，并最终拒绝将神经症作为一种疾病实体。理论差异和实际情况，例如稳定大鼠神经症症状的技术挑战，导致了这种消亡。然而，尽管他们有所保留，实验心理学家仍继续使用创伤性刺激来产生精神病理学综合征。在 1960 年代，对创伤的新理解不断发展，强调了受创伤的动物受试者所经历的失控。我认为，这些关于创伤的观念转变既反映了不同的实验文化、认知规范，也反映了不断变化的社会问题。