Abstract Relationships between the activities of bus carriers and rail passenger traffic (and the railway offer) are examined in this article. The study was carried out in peripheral areas located at the Polish and Czech borderlands in Lower Silesia province. High quality rail transport generally increases the demand for transport services. Therefore, the proper development of transport offer plays a key role in the functioning of public transport systems, the backbone of which is rail transport. The study also shows that under conditions of transport market deregulation, bus carriers have developed a competitive network which is not complementary to rail transport. As a consequence, the deregulation of the transport market has increased the risk of transport exclusion.

中文翻译：

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在不同运营模式下下西里西亚城镇之间的公交和火车连接：竞争还是互补？

摘要本文研究了公共汽车承运人的活动与铁路客运量（以及铁路报价）之间的关系。该研究是在下西里西亚省的波兰和捷克边境地区的外围地区进行的。高质量的铁路运输通常会增加对运输服务的需求。因此，运输服务的适当发展在公共交通系统的功能中起着关键作用，而公共交通系统的骨干是铁路运输。研究还表明，在运输市场放松管制的条件下，公交车承运人已经建立了竞争性网络，而这一网络并不能补充铁路运输。结果，运输市场的放松管制增加了运输被排斥的风险。