In this article, we analyse how various macro- and meso-level factors influence news media’s provision of hard news, an important element of media quality. The research draws on a content analysis of more than 100,000 news items between 2015 and 2019 from 53 print, radio, TV, and online news outlets in Switzerland, a small state with three linguistically segmented media markets, each of which is partially influenced by a large neighbouring country (Germany, France, and Italy). The research design takes into account the multi-dimensional character of hard news and allows for analysis with explanatory factors on different levels: On the meso-level, ownership types complemented with media types, and on the macro-level language regions of different market size. Findings show large differences in the importance of hard news overall and these findings are consistent across the three dimensions of hard news (topic dimension, focus dimension, style dimension). Hard news orientation differs especially between private and public media, but also within privately held media outlets, and less so within public media, which points to a general quality culture embedded within public media organizations. Thus, rather than by language region and the according media market size or by ownership types, quality differences can be best explained by media types.

中文翻译：

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绘制和解释媒体质量：瑞士多语言媒体系统的见解

在本文中，我们分析了各种宏观和中观因素如何影响新闻媒体对硬新闻的提供，而硬新闻是媒体质量的重要因素。这项研究基于对2015年至2019年间来自瑞士53个印刷，广播，电视和在线新闻媒体的100,000多个新闻项目的内容分析，该瑞士是一个小国，拥有三个按语言分类的媒体市场，每个市场都受到部分影响。大型邻国（德国，法国和意大利）。研究设计考虑了硬新闻的多维特征，并允许在不同层次上进行解释性因素分析：在中观层次上，所有权类型与媒体类型相辅相成，在宏观层次上具有不同市场规模的语言区域。调查结果显示，硬新闻的重要性总体上存在很大差异，并且这些发现在硬新闻的三个维度（主题维度，焦点维度，样式维度）上是一致的。硬新闻的定向尤其是在私人和公共媒体之间有所不同，但在私人控股的媒体内部也是如此，而在公共媒体内部则没有什么不同，这表明公共媒体组织中嵌入了一种普遍的素质文化。因此，与其按语言区域和相应的媒体市场规模或所有权类型，不如可以通过媒体类型来最好地解释质量差异。这表明了嵌入公共媒体组织中的一般质量文化。因此，与其按语言区域和相应的媒体市场规模或所有权类型，不如通过媒体类型来最好地解释质量差异。这表明了嵌入公共媒体组织中的一般质量文化。因此，与其按语言区域和相应的媒体市场规模或所有权类型，不如可以通过媒体类型来最好地解释质量差异。