Childhood maltreatment types (neglect and psychological, physical, or sexual abuse) are associated with many poor outcomes in adulthood. Yet, research mainly focuses on the cumulative adversity burden rather than specificities and commonalities of associations with adult outcomes and intervening pathways. To build understanding of life-course pathways to a range of outcomes, this overview summarises evidence from several original research studies using the 1958 British Birth Cohort on specific maltreatment types, child development trajectories, adult intermediaries and outcomes. About one-in-five participants were identified as neglected or abused in childhood (~10% were identified for neglect, 10% for psychological abuse, 6% for physical abuse and 1.4% for sexual abuse). Neglect was associated with key dimensions of development, for example, slower height growth, delayed maturation, faster BMI gain, and poorer emotional and cognitive development. Associated adulthood outcomes included harmful behaviours (notably smoking), poorer physical health (e.g. shorter height, excess BMI, poorer blood lipids and glucose, poor-rated health and physical functioning), worse mental health, lower socioeconomic circumstances (e.g. poorer living conditions) and elevated mortality in mid-adulthood. Childhood abuse associations were less widespread and were often only for specific types: most types were unrelated to childhood height and cognitive abilities, but all types were associated with poorer child emotional development, adult mental health, smoking, blood lipids and self-rated health. Additionally, physical abuse was associated with faster BMI gain, higher adult BMI, blood glucose, inflammation and mortality in mid-adulthood; sexual abuse with faster BMI gain, higher adult BMI, poor physical functioning at 50y and higher mortality in mid-adulthood. Adult health measures associated with neglect and abuse are key predictors of serious disease, disability and death. Therefore, neglect and abuse associations with these measures represent an important burden for individuals and society.

中文翻译：

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1958 年出生队列中的儿童虐待（忽视和虐待）：与发育轨迹和长期结果的关联概述

童年虐待类型（忽视以及心理、身体或性虐待）与成年后的许多不良后果有关。然而，研究主要关注累积的逆境负担，而不是与成人结果和干预途径关联的特殊性和共性。为了加深对一系列结果的生命历程路径的理解，本概述总结了使用 1958 年英国出生队列对特定虐待类型、儿童发展轨迹、成人中间因素和结果进行的几项原始研究的证据。大约五分之一的参与者在童年时期曾遭受过忽视或虐待（约 10% 的人遭受忽视，10% 的人遭受心理虐待，6% 的人遭受身体虐待，1.4% 的人遭受性虐待）。忽视与发育的关键维度相关，例如身高增长缓慢、成熟延迟、体重指数增加较快以及情绪和认知发育较差。相关的成年结局包括有害行为（尤其是吸烟）、身体健康状况较差（例如身高较短、体重指数过高、血脂和血糖较差、健康状况和身体机能较差）、心理健康状况较差、社会经济状况较差（例如生活条件较差）以及中年死亡率升高。童年虐待的关联性不太广泛，而且通常只针对特定类型：大多数类型与儿童身高和认知能力无关，但所有类型都与儿童情绪发育较差、成人心理健康、吸烟、血脂和自我评价健康有关。此外，身体虐待与体重指数增加更快、成年体重指数更高、血糖、炎症和中年死亡率有关。性虐待会导致 BMI 增加更快、成年 BMI 更高、50 岁时身体机能较差以及中年死亡率更高。与忽视和虐待相关的成人健康指标是严重疾病、残疾和死亡的关键预测因素。因此，与这些措施相关的忽视和虐待对个人和社会来说是一个重要的负担。