Orit Malka's Disqualified Witnesses, Between Tannaitic Halakha and Roman Law is structured around a puzzle. Why did the rabbinic literature produced in Roman Palestine in the early centuries of the Common Era identify a list of four seemingly disparate types of people—dice-players, usurers, pigeon-flyers, and traders in Seventh Year produce—as disqualified from giving testimony in court? This argument has important implications, I suggest, for all legal systems—like most throughout history—that are not structured around a modern, positivist conception of law and of the role of courts.

中文翻译：

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（前现代）法院的政治功能和程序以及比较方法的问题

Orit Malka 的不合格证人，在 Tannaitic Halakha 和罗马法之间是围绕一个谜题构建的。为什么在共同时代早期在罗马巴勒斯坦产生的拉比文献确定了四种看似不同类型的人——掷骰子的人、高利贷者、鸽子飞行者和第七年农产品的商人——被取消作证的资格在法庭上？我认为，这一论点对所有的法律体系都有重要的影响——就像历史上的大多数法律体系一样——不是围绕现代的、实证主义的法律概念和法院角色构建的。