Malka presents convincing evidence in support of the claim that the rabbinic list is not indigenous but borrowed from the Roman legal institution of infamia, which was also attached to certain professions and also deprived persons of their eligibility for testimony. More important, she shows that this structural parallel is bolstered by a deeper conceptual parallel, for underlying both the rabbinic and the Roman disqualification is a wider Greco-Roman discourse on self-control (with Plutarch providing a four-fold list parallel to the tannaitic list in substance).

中文翻译：

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罗马和犹太法律：在所有正确的地方寻找互动

Malka 提供了令人信服的证据来支持这样的说法，即拉比名单不是土生土长的，而是从罗马的 infamia 法律制度借来的，该制度也附属于某些职业，也剥夺了人们作证的资格。更重要的是，她表明这种结构上的相似性得到了更深层次概念上的相似性的支持，因为拉比和罗马人取消资格的基础是更广泛的希腊罗马关于自我控制的话语（普鲁塔克提供了与 tannaitic 平行的四重列表实质清单）。