Objective: More than 800,000 incidents of nonfatal victimizations occur at schools in the U.S. each year, and many additional children witness violence. Victimization has long-lasting health, emotional, and psychological consequences. This study aims to determine whether using diverse strategies—including more types of prevention programs and a wider variety of community groups—is associated with lower rates of violence at school. Method: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from the 2006 School Survey on Crime and Safety. Principals of 2,724 U.S. public schools responded to surveys mailed by the National Center for Education Statistics. We created variables for the number of violence prevention program types and community group types and entered those into a regression model with a negative binomial distribution to predict the number of violent incidents on campus. Results: The independent variables—prevention programs and community groups—were both associated with an increase in violent incidents. The most important risk factor for violent incidents was violence in the neighborhoods where students live, and the most influential protective factor was percentage of parental volunteerism. Conclusions: Findings suggest intervention points for both universal (parental volunteerism) and selective (violent neighborhoods) prevention efforts.

中文翻译：

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预防暴力策略与学校安全

目标：每年在美国的学校中，发生超过80万起非致命的受害事件，并且还有许多儿童目睹暴力事件。受害具有长期的健康，情感和心理影响。这项研究旨在确定采用多种策略（包括更多类型的预防计划和更广泛的社区团体）是否与学校暴力发生率降低相关。方法：我们对2006年犯罪与安全学校调查的数据进行了二次分析。美国2,724所公立学校的校长回答了国家教育统计中心寄出的调查问卷。我们为预防暴力计划类型和社区群体类型的数量创建了变量，并将其输入到具有负二项式分布的回归模型中，以预测校园内的暴力事件数量。结果：独立变量（预防计划和社区团体）都与暴力事件的增加相关。发生暴力事件的最重要风险因素是学生所居住社区的暴力行为，而最有影响力的保护因素是父母志愿服务的百分比。结论：研究结果表明，普遍预防（父母自愿）和选择性预防（暴力邻里）都应采取干预措施。独立变量（预防计划和社区团体）都与暴力事件的增加相关。发生暴力事件的最重要风险因素是学生所居住社区的暴力行为，而最有影响力的保护因素是父母志愿服务的百分比。结论：研究结果表明，普遍预防（父母自愿）和选择性预防（暴力邻里）都应采取干预措施。独立变量（预防计划和社区团体）都与暴力事件的增加相关。发生暴力事件的最重要风险因素是学生所居住社区的暴力行为，而最有影响力的保护因素是父母志愿服务的百分比。结论：研究结果表明，普遍预防（父母自愿）和选择性预防（暴力邻里）都应采取干预措施。