This paper describes previously unreported archaeological work on Ponui Island, New Zealand. Coastal sites date from the end of the fourteenth century AD, and one, S11/20, has evidence for surface structures, cooking, and tool manufacture and use. The harvesting of marine resources and horticulture were involved from the beginning. Earthwork defenses were built at 23 sites between AD 1500 and 1800. At least six of these fortified sites (pa) were later refortified and some were residential. In this study two sites were excavated at Motunau Bay: one was S11/20, an Archaic site previously excavated in the 1950s, and the other was S11/21, a fortified site. Radiocarbon dates are reported from five further undefended coastal sites and from the earthwork defences of 19 pa, which reveal chronological and spatial trends in their construction. On Ponui the archaeological signature of the fifteenth century was what New Zealand archaeologists typically call early or Archaic, but in the sixteenth century it became Classic. The transition in the settlement evidence appears abrupt; however, the tempo of change more likely varied in material culture and the economy, and possible changes in land tenure and social organisation are suggested.

中文翻译：

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内豪拉基湾波诺伊岛毛利人定居点和pā的考古学，公元1400–1800年

本文介绍了新西兰波尼岛上以前从未报道过的考古工作。沿海地区的历史可追溯到公元14世纪末，其中一个S11 / 20具有表面结构，烹饪以及工具制造和使用的证据。海洋资源的收获和园艺从一开始就参与其中。在1500年至1800年之间，在23个地点建造了土方防御工事。这些设防地点（pa）中至少有6个后来得到了加固，有些则是住宅。在这项研究中，在Motunau湾发掘了两个遗址：一个是S11 / 20，一个早在1950年代发掘的古迹，另一个是S11 / 21，是一个坚固的遗址。据报道，从另外五个未设防的沿海地点和从19 pa的土方防御中获得了放射性碳数据，这些数据揭示了其建造的时间和空间趋势。在波努伊岛上，十五世纪的考古学特征是新西兰考古学家通常所说的早期或古风，但在十六世纪，它成为了经典。和解证据的过渡似乎是突然的。但是，物质文化和经济变化的速度更有可能发生变化，并且土地权属和社会组织也可能发生变化。