This paper explores the Ottoman Empire’s guarantee of religious privileges for non-Muslims made in 1853 and the struggles that occurred thereafter, between Muslim state officials and Armenian elites. It argues that the guarantee of religious privileges, which prepared a new set of terminology—that is, “privileges,” “religion,” and “politics”—for discussing the scope of the jurisdiction to be granted to the non-Muslims’ religious authorities, represented a shift in how the empire approached non-Muslims. Muslim officials aimed to circumscribe the jurisdiction of non-Muslims and place them under the state’s control by emphasizing the “religiousness” of the privileges. To do so, they also displayed a decided tendency to bypass the religious authority by using lay non-Muslim elites as intermediaries. The Armenian elites, for their part, strategically chose their attitudes toward the distinction of “religious” and “nonreligious” (or “political”), thus managing to protect, to a certain extent, the scope of the religious authority’s jurisdiction.

中文翻译：

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宗教形式，政治内容？十九世纪奥斯曼帝国非穆斯林的特权

本文探讨了奥斯曼帝国对1853年做出的非穆斯林宗教特权的保证以及此后发生的穆斯林国家官员与亚美尼亚精英之间的斗争。它认为，宗教特权的保障为讨论非穆斯林宗教信仰的管辖范围准备了一套新的术语，即“特权”，“宗教”和“政治”。当局代表了帝国对待非穆斯林的方式的转变。穆斯林官员旨在通过强调特权的“宗教性”来界定非穆斯林的管辖权，并将其置于国家的控制之下。为此，他们还表现出了通过使用非穆斯林精英作为中介来绕开宗教权威的明确趋势。就亚美尼亚精英而言，