Access to quality public transportation is critical for employment, especially for low-income and minority populations. This study contributes to previous work on equity analyses of the U.S. public transportation system by including the 45 largest Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs) in a single analysis. Year-2014 Census demographic data were combined with an existing 2014 dataset of transit job accessibility. Then, transit equality and justice indicators were developed and a regression analysis was performed to explore trends in transit job accessibility by race and income. The findings suggest that within individual MSAs, low-income populations and minorities have the highest transit job accessibility. However, the overall transit ridership is low, and in certain MSAs with high transit job accessibility both high and low income populations have high access levels but middle income populations do not. Within individual MSAs, on average, accessibility differences by income are greater than accessibility differences by race. The relative importance of race versus income for injustice increases with MSA size. In upper mid-size and large MSAs, differences by race increase. Also, the differences by race are greater among low-income populations. Accessibility-related equality and justice indicators are only one of many issues that comprise the wider discussion of equity.

中文翻译：

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基于工作可及性的美国公共交通系统的社会公平分析

优质的公共交通对就业至关重要，特别是对于低收入和少数民族人口而言。这项研究通过将45个最大的都市统计区（MSA）纳入单一分析，为美国公共交通系统的公平分析做出了贡献。2014年人口普查人口数据与2014年现有的运输工作可访问性数据集结合在一起。然后，制定了过境平等和正义指标，并进行了回归分析，以按种族和收入探索过境工作可及性的趋势。研究结果表明，在单个MSA中，低收入人群和少数族裔拥有最高的过境工作机会。但是，整体的过境率很低，在某些具有较高过渡工作可及性的MSA中，高收入和低收入人群都有较高的获得水平，而中等收入人群则没有。在单个MSA中，平均而言，按收入划分的可访问性差异大于按种族划分的可访问性差异。种族与收入对不公正现象的相对重要性随着MSA规模的增加而增加。在中型和大型MSA中，种族差异会增加。另外，低收入人群之间种族差异更大。与无障碍获取有关的平等与正义指标只是组成广泛讨论平等的众多问题之一。种族与收入对不公正现象的相对重要性随着MSA规模的增加而增加。在中型和大型MSA中，种族差异会增加。另外，低收入人群之间种族差异更大。与无障碍获取有关的平等与正义指标只是组成广泛讨论平等的众多问题之一。种族与收入对不公正现象的相对重要性随着MSA规模的增加而增加。在中型和大型MSA中，种族差异会增加。另外，低收入人群之间种族差异更大。与无障碍获取有关的平等与正义指标只是组成广泛讨论平等的众多问题之一。