To deal with issues of equity in transport, increasing attention is being paid to addressing inequalities in accessibility. Existing approaches to measuring accessibility tend to focus on objective measurement, often using journey time as an indicator of spatial separation of people from places. However, using objective measures of spatial accessibility could obscure inequities in accessibility that occur due to differences in perceptions of accessibility among (groups of) individuals. This paper uses data from a case study in Greater Nottingham, UK, to demonstrate that there are differences between self-reported and objective measures of journey time access to destinations. Self-reported journey times to a number of destinations by walking, public transport, and car are compared with a nationally available dataset of accessibility indicators. Then, factors associated with self-reported journey times are investigated to understand what accounts for differences between individual’s self-reported understanding and objective measures of journey time accessibility. Results show that there is a difference between self-reported and objective measures, and that objective measures usually underestimate journey time accessibility. These differences occur because of demographic factors (e.g., age), trip familiarity, and destination definition. If accessibility metrics are to be used to address issues of social inequity related to transport, then there is a need to consider how diverse perceptions of accessibility relate to objective measures and to develop approaches that can account for social as well as spatial variation in accessibility.

中文翻译：

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在解决交通运输公平性时，了解对可达性的认识的重要性：英国大诺丁汉的案例研究

为了处理运输中的公平问题，人们越来越重视解决交通不便的问题。现有的可访问性度量方法倾向于集中在客观度量上，通常将旅途时间用作人与地方之间空间隔离的指标。但是，使用客观的空间可及性度量方法可以掩盖由于（一组）个人对可及性的看法不同而导致的可及性不平等。本文使用来自英国Greater Nottingham的案例研究中的数据，来证明自我报告的和客观的到达目的地时间的度量之间存在差异。将自己报告的步行，公共交通和汽车到达多个目的地的旅程时间与全国可访问性指标数据集进行比较。然后，调查与自我报告的旅行时间相关的因素，以了解是什么导致了个人自我报告的理解与旅行时间可及性的客观度量之间的差异。结果表明，自我报告的度量和客观度量之间存在差异，并且客观度量通常会低估出行时间的可及性。这些差异的发生是由于人口统计学因素（例如年龄），出行熟悉度和目的地定义。如果将可访问性度量标准用于解决与交通相关的社会不平等问题，则需要考虑对可访问性的各种看法如何与客观指标相关联，并开发出可解决可访问性的社会以及空间变化的方法。调查与自我报告的旅行时间相关的因素，以了解是什么导致个人自我报告的理解与旅行时间可及性的客观度量之间的差异。结果表明，自我报告的度量和客观度量之间存在差异，并且客观度量通常会低估出行时间的可及性。这些差异的发生是由于人口统计学因素（例如年龄），出行熟悉度和目的地定义。如果将可访问性度量标准用于解决与交通相关的社会不平等问题，则需要考虑对可访问性的各种看法如何与客观指标相关联，并开发出可解决可访问性的社会以及空间变化的方法。调查与自我报告的旅行时间相关的因素，以了解是什么导致个人自我报告的理解与旅行时间可及性的客观度量之间的差异。结果表明，自我报告的度量和客观度量之间存在差异，并且客观度量通常会低估出行时间的可及性。这些差异的发生是由于人口统计学因素（例如年龄），出行熟悉度和目的地定义。如果将可访问性度量标准用于解决与交通相关的社会不平等问题，则需要考虑对可访问性的各种看法如何与客观指标相关联，并开发出可解决可访问性的社会以及空间变化的方法。