OBJECTIVE Low parental involvement and monitoring are risk factors for adolescent cigarette use. Assessments of parental involvement and monitoring by youth and parents may capture an additional source of risk: differences in perceptions of these parenting behaviors. This study tested for unique contributions of youth-reported parental involvement and monitoring and youth-parent discrepancies in reporting to first cigarette use in girls. METHOD Data were drawn from interviews at ages 8-17 with 1,869 girls (57.3% Black, 42.7% White) and their primary caregivers (94% mothers) in the Pittsburgh Girls Study. Cox proportional hazards regression analyses were conducted to predict first cigarette use as a function of girls' reports of parental involvement and monitoring, magnitude and direction of youth-parent reporting discrepancies, and the interaction between them, adjusting for neighborhood, socioeconomic, and individual level factors. RESULTS High magnitude of discrepancy in parental involvement reports (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.14, 95% confidence interval [CI] [1.03, 1.26]) and lower perceived parental involvement by girls (HR = 1.14, CI [1.03, 1.27]) were associated with an elevated risk for first cigarette use. Girls' reports of low parental monitoring also predicted first cigarette use (HR = 1.14, CI [1.06, 1.21]). CONCLUSIONS Girls whose parents have limited awareness of their whereabouts and friends (i.e., low monitoring) are at an elevated risk for trying cigarettes, but parent-daughter differences in perceived awareness do not affect risk. By contrast, girls who perceive a lower degree of parental involvement than their parents do are at increased risk. Monitoring is one component of parenting that may reduce smoking risk; shared perspectives on the parent's level of involvement are similarly important.

中文翻译：

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青少年对父母参与和监控的看法，与父母看法的差异及其与黑人和白人女孩使用第一支香烟的关联

目的低父母参与和监测是青少年卷烟使用的危险因素。青年和父母对父母参与度的评估和监控可能会带来其他风险：这些育儿行为的观念差异。这项研究测试了青年报告的父母参与和监测以及青年与父母之间的差异在报告女孩首次吸烟方面的独特贡献。方法数据来自匹兹堡女孩研究中8869岁年龄段与1869名女孩（57.3％黑人，42.7％白人）及其主要护理人员（94％的母亲）的访谈。进行了Cox比例风险回归分析，以预测初次吸烟与女孩对父母的参与和监测，青少年与父母报告差异的报告和程度的报告有关，以及它们之间的相互作用，并根据邻里，社会经济和个人水平因素进行调整。结果父母参与报告中差异很大（危险比[HR] = 1.14，95％置信区间[CI] [1.03，1.26]），女孩对父母的参与程度较低（HR = 1.14，CI [1.03，1.27]）与第一次吸烟的风险增加有关。女孩对父母的监测不足的报告也预测了首次吸烟（HR = 1.14，CI [1.06，1.21]）。结论父母对其去向和朋友的认识有限（即，低监测）的女孩尝试吸烟的风险较高，但父母与女儿在感知意识上的差异不会影响风险。相比之下，与父母相比，父母参与程度较低的女孩患病风险更高。监护是养育子女的一项内容，可以降低吸烟风险；父母参与程度的共同观点也同样重要。