This article examines gotong royong as social citizenship in the second half of the twentieth century in Indonesia. Gotong royong was traditionally understood as a collective spirit among neighbours to strengthen economic and social resilience. However, the institutionalisation of the system through massive development programmes since the 1940s has influenced the common people's perception and practice of it. This article argues that the co-option of gotong royong as part of the discourse of nation-state building transformed the popular view of labour and capital mobilisation from an openly critical stance to apparent submission. Gotong royong became a means of social engineering and an ingenious linguistic strategy by which state elites orchestrated control over the making of citizens. Still, Indonesians have remained vigilant of their participation in gotong royong, and about the potential for its misuse by corrupt officials.

中文翻译：

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Gotong royong 作为印度尼西亚的社会公民，1940 年代至 1990 年代

本文考察哥通罗勇作为 20 世纪下半叶印度尼西亚的社会公民。古东罗勇传统上被理解为邻国之间的集体精神，以加强经济和社会复原力。然而，自 1940 年代以来，通过大规模的发展计划使该制度制度化，影响了普通民众对它的认识和实践。本文认为，共同选择哥通罗勇作为民族国家建设话语的一部分，将劳动力和资本动员的流行观点从公开的批评立场转变为明显的服从。古东罗勇成为社会工程的一种手段和一种巧妙的语言策略，国家精英通过这种策略精心策划了对公民塑造的控制。尽管如此，印尼人仍然对他们的参与保持警惕哥通罗勇，以及腐败官员滥用它的可能性。