Brazil has encouraged an ambitious set of policies towards the pharmaceutical industry, aiming to foster technological development while meeting health requirements. We characterise these efforts, labelled the ‘Complexo Industrial da Saúde’ (Health-Industry Complex, CIS), as an outcome of incremental policy change backed by the sustained efforts of public health professionals within the federal bureaucracy. As experts with a particular vision of the relationship between health, innovation and industry came to dominate key institutions, they increasingly shaped government responses to emerging challenges. Step by step, these professionals first made science and technology essential aspects of Brazil's health policy, and then merged the Ministry of Health's new focus on science, technology and health with industrial policy measures aimed at private firms. We contrast our depiction of these policy changes with a conventional view that relies on a partisan orientation of the executive.

中文翻译：

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整合巴西的科学、技术和卫生政策：渐进式变革和公共卫生专业人员作为改革的推动者

巴西鼓励制定一套雄心勃勃的制药业政策，旨在促进技术发展，同时满足健康要求。我们将这些工作描述为“Complexo Industrial da Saúde”（健康产业综合体，独联体），这是联邦官僚机构内公共卫生专业人员持续努力支持的渐进政策变化的结果。随着对健康、创新和工业之间的关系有特殊见解的专家开始主导关键机构，他们越来越多地塑造了政府对新兴挑战的反应。一步一步，这些专业人员首先将科学和技术纳入巴西卫生政策的重要方面，然后合并卫生部对科学的新关注，技术和健康以及针对私营企业的产业政策措施。我们将我们对这些政策变化的描述与依赖于行政部门党派取​​向的传统观点进行对比。