In the 1990s, Colombia decentralised politics and passed multicultural reforms as part of wider strategies to strengthen the state. Multiculturalism produced a complex institutional environment marked by jurisdictional overlap and legal plurality. The literature on Colombia's multiculturalism confirms that violence, indigenous rights abuses and the lack of enabling legislation on indigenous territorial entities limited ethno-political autonomy and instead enhanced the capacity of the state to transform indigenous identity and bureaucratise local decision-making practices. However, some indigenous authorities used the new institutions to take control of communal matters, changing local governments along the way. The better-known case of indigenous self-government is that of the Nasa people in Cauca, characterised by the capture of local institutions to advance ethnic rights. In my study of the Embera Chamí of Karmata Rúa (Antioquia) I argue that they represent an alternative approach centred on institutional embeddedness, or the repetition of ethnic autonomy rules by multiple layers of government.

中文翻译：

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哥伦比亚的多元文化主义、法律多元化和地方政府：安蒂奥基亚 Karmata Rúa 的土著自治和制度嵌入

1990 年代，哥伦比亚分散政治并通过多元文化改革，作为加强国家战略的一部分。多元文化主义产生了以管辖权重叠和法律多元化为标志的复杂制度环境。有关哥伦比亚多元文化主义的文献证实，暴力、侵犯土著权利以及缺乏关于土著领土实体的授权立法限制了民族政治自治，反而增强了国家转变土著身份和官僚化地方决策实践的能力。然而，一些土著当局利用新机构来控制社区事务，并在此过程中改变了地方政府。更广为人知的土著自治政府案例是考卡的 Nasa 人，其特点是夺取地方机构以促进民族权利。在我对 Karmata Rúa (Antioquia) 的 Embera Chamí 的研究中，我认为它们代表了一种以制度嵌入为中心的替代方法，或者多层政府重复种族自治规则。