Abstract Despite decades of genuine experience derived from major disasters, emergency exercises and expert reviews of crisis events in reports and after action summaries it seems we know far less about post disaster restoration and recovery than we should. This shortfall presents several challenges to public policy, governance and the practice of emergency management as the specific steps, requirements, connections, issues and interdependencies in resurrecting a severely damaged city goes far beyond cleanup and routine debris removal tasks. Approaches towards restoration and recovery differ between the USA and the UK but there is equal regard for deriving as much insight as possible from post disaster imperatives by deliberately exercising what is seldom examined – the raw details and demands of city and community recovery. One suggested avenue is to expand future emergency exercises by focusing on how better to understand and execute the variety of restoration and recovery activies needed and devote less energy to traditional emergency response measures. This would invite testing emergency management leaders and experts with demanding 'maximum of maximum' scenarios to analyze the depth, challenges and complexity involved.

中文翻译：

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揭露真正的恢复挑战：应急管理必须做什么

摘要尽管有数十年的重大灾难，紧急事件演练和专家对危机事件进行专家评估的经验，以及在行动总结后，似乎我们对灾难后的恢复和恢复的了解远远少于我们应有的程度。这种短缺给公共政策，治理和应急管理实践带来了一些挑战，因为在严重受灾的城市复活中的具体步骤，要求，联系，问题和相互依存远远超出了清理和常规碎片清除任务。在美国和英国之间，恢复和恢复的方法各不相同，但是，人们也同样重视通过刻意地执行很少检查的内容（包括城市和社区恢复的原始细节和需求），从灾后命令中获得尽可能多的见识。一种建议的途径是通过集中精力于如何更好地理解和执行所需的各种恢复和恢复活动，以及将更少的精力投入到传统的应急措施上来扩展未来的应急演习。这将邀请具有严格要求的“最大数量”方案的测试紧急情况管理负责人和专家来分析涉及的深度，挑战和复杂性。