The council annals of Johannes Hass, the last Catholic mayor of the West Bohemian town of Gorlitz, are a fascinating document. In a single source we can see the author’s changing interpretation of divine intervention between c.1509 and 1542. After the introduction of the Reformation, Hass steadily decreased the importance of God, whilst the Devil became increasingly important. Regardless of Hass’s staunch Catholicism, Martin Luther’s impact can be felt in his vision of the divine and the demonic as he subconsciously incorporated minor elements of Lutheranism and commented positively on small changes brought about by the Reformation. Hass shows how receptive Catholics were towards Lutheran theology, without necessarily acknowledging it, as long as the new religion did not challenge the urban order. In rich and colourful language, Hass changed the very nature of God, the Devil and the saints. In this way he was responding to the slow but steady introduction of the Reformation in Gorlitz. Only by gradually turning God into a passive observer and giving greater agency to human actors could Hass make sense of the absence of a clear sign in favour of the Catholics in Gorlitz.

中文翻译：

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约翰内斯·哈斯 (Johannes Hass) 的城镇编年史：16 世纪初的历史书写和神圣干预

约翰内斯·哈斯 (Johannes Hass) 是西波西米亚小镇戈尔利茨 (Gorlitz) 的最后一任天主教市长，其市议会年鉴是一份引人入胜的文件。在一个单一的来源中，我们可以看到作者在 1509 年到 1542 年间对神干预的不断变化的解释。引入宗教改革之后，哈斯稳步降低了神的重要性，而魔鬼则变得越来越重要。不管哈斯的天主教信仰如何坚定，马丁路德的影响都体现在他对神性和恶魔的看法中，他下意识地融入了路德教的次要元素，并积极评价了宗教改革带来的微小变化。哈斯展示了天主教徒对路德教神学的接受程度，但不一定承认它，只要新宗教不挑战城市秩序。用丰富多彩的语言，哈斯改变了上帝、魔鬼和圣徒的本质。通过这种方式，他对戈尔利茨宗教改革缓慢而稳定的介绍做出了回应。只有逐渐将上帝变成一个被动的观察者并给予人类行为者更大的代理权，哈斯才能理解在戈尔利茨没有明确的迹象支持天主教徒。