Founded in Moscow in 1960 for students from Third World countries, the Peoples’ Friendship University ‘Patrice Lumumba’ was the most important venture in international higher education during the Cold War and a flagship of Soviet internationalism. It aimed to educate a Soviet-friendly intelligentsia and foster a Soviet–Third World alliance. This article retraces the history of this school, often criticized for its Third World concept, recruitment, and training policies. It recalls the forgotten French initiative to create a university for the underdeveloped countries, situates Lumumba University in the global Cold War, and compares it with mainstream Soviet schools. Soon after its creation, Lumumba University underwent important changes, but departed from its initial educational concept. Consequently, arguments justifying the existence of a special university disappeared. Third World countries, moreover, never agreed with the university’s concept. Despite its educational accomplishments, Lumumba University became the Achilles’ heel of Soviet cultural policy.

中文翻译：

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莫斯科卢蒙巴大学：苏联-第三世界联盟的高等教育，1960-91

人民友谊大学“帕特里斯卢蒙巴”于 1960 年在莫斯科为来自第三世界国家的学生成立，是冷战期间国际高等教育中最重要的企业，也是苏联国际主义的旗舰。它旨在培养对苏联友好的知识分子并促进苏联与第三世界的联盟。本文追溯了这所学校的历史，该学校经常因其第三世界概念、招聘和培训政策而受到批评。它回顾了被遗忘的法国为不发达国家创建大学的倡议，将卢蒙巴大学置于全球冷战中，并将其与苏联主流学校进行了比较。创建后不久，卢蒙巴大学发生了重大变化，但偏离了最初的教育理念。所以，证明一所特殊大学存在的论据消失了。此外，第三世界国家从未认同大学的理念。尽管其教育成就，卢蒙巴大学成为苏联文化政策的致命弱点。