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Speaking for the ‘world power economy’: electricity, energo-materialist economics, and the World Energy Council (1924–78)
Journal of Global History ( IF 1.7 ) Pub Date : 2020-06-25 , DOI: 10.1017/s1740022820000066
Daniela Russ

The emergence of a field of global energy policy is usually traced back to the events around the 1973–74 oil embargo. This article provides a prehistory to this by tracing the genealogy of the ‘global energy economy’. This genealogy is reconstructed through the lens of the World Power Conference (WPC, today the World Energy Council, WEC), a non-governmental international organization founded by a British electro-technical engineer in 1924. In a comparison with the engineering of ‘natural forces’ in the nineteenth-century steam economy, I argue that electricity, and particularly large electrical systems, not only changed the meaning of power and institutionalized a regular documentation of the ‘power economy’, but enabled and concentrated ownership of the ‘forces of nature’ as a productive factor. This more comprehensive view of the role of electricity in the economy gave rise to an energo-materialist economics among the electro-technical engineers, technicians, and planners whom the WPC assembled. The WPC imagined itself as the centre of calculation of this ‘global energy economy’, initiating international standardization and complementing the statistics of international organizations such as the League of Nations and the United Nations. As the integration of all ‘energies’ in one statistical model required conversion factors across very different technical processes, it took the urgency of the oil crisis for the WEC to compile a global energy balance, thus statistically ‘representing’ the state of the ‘global energy economy’.

中文翻译:

为“世界电力经济”发言:电力、能源唯物主义经济学和世界能源理事会(1924-78)

全球能源政策领域的出现通常可以追溯到 1973-74 年石油禁运前后的事件。本文通过追溯“全球能源经济”的谱系,提供了这方面的史前史。这个谱系是通过世界电力会议(WPC,今天的世界能源理事会,WEC)的镜头重建的,这是一个由英国电子技术工程师于 1924 年创立的非政府国际组织。我认为,在 19 世纪的蒸汽经济中,电力,尤其是大型电力系统,不仅改变了权力的含义,使“电力经济”的常规文件制度化,而且使“电力经济”的所有权得以实现和集中。自然”作为生产要素。这种对电力在经济中作用的更全面的看法在 WPC 召集的电工工程师、技术人员和规划人员中产生了一种能源唯物主义经济学。WPC 将自己想象为“全球能源经济”的计算中心,发起国际标准化并补充国际联盟和联合国等国际组织的统计数据。由于将所有“能源”整合到一个统计模型中需要跨越非常不同的技术流程的转换因子,世界能源委员会在石油危机的紧急情况下编制了全球能源平衡表,从而在统计上“代表”了“全球能源平衡”的状态。能源经济”。和 WPC 召集的规划者。WPC 将自己想象为“全球能源经济”的计算中心,发起国际标准化并补充国际联盟和联合国等国际组织的统计数据。由于将所有“能源”整合到一个统计模型中需要跨越非常不同的技术流程的转换因子,世界能源委员会在石油危机的紧急情况下编制了全球能源平衡表,从而在统计上“代表”了“全球能源平衡”的状态。能源经济”。和 WPC 召集的规划者。WPC 将自己想象为“全球能源经济”的计算中心,发起国际标准化并补充国际联盟和联合国等国际组织的统计数据。由于将所有“能源”整合到一个统计模型中需要跨越非常不同的技术流程的转换因子,世界能源委员会在石油危机的紧急情况下编制了全球能源平衡表,从而在统计上“代表”了“全球能源平衡”的状态。能源经济”。
更新日期:2020-06-25
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