During the nineteenth century, British public schools became increasingly important, turning out thousands of elite young men. Historians have long recognized the centrality of these institutions to modern British history and to understandings of masculinity in this era. While studies of universities and clubs have revealed how fundamental the rituals and everyday life of institutions were to the creation of masculinity, public schools have not been subjected to the same scrutiny. Approaches to date have emphasized the schools’ roles in distancing boys from the world of the home, domesticity, femininity, and women. Focusing on three case-study schools, Winchester College, Charterhouse, and Lancing College, this article offers a reassessment of the relationship between home and school in the Victorian and Edwardian period and contributes to the growing literature on forms of masculine domesticity in the second half of the nineteenth century. In the reformed public schools, the ideal of the patriarchal household was often essential, and in producing it, the presence of significant women—the wives of headmasters and housemasters—could be vital. The schools also worked to create a specifically masculine form of domesticity through boys’ performance of mundane domestic tasks in the “fagging” system, which was often imagined in terms of the chivalric service ideal. Letters from the period show how the everyday worlds of school and home remained enmeshed, revealing the distinctive nature of family relationships forged by the routine of presence and absence that public schools created.

中文翻译：

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“腐朽的女性化的东西”：维多利亚时代和爱德华时代英国公立学校的父权制、家庭生活和家庭

在 19 世纪，英国公立学校变得越来越重要，培养出成千上万的精英青年。历史学家早就认识到这些机构在现代英国历史和对这个时代男性气质的理解中的中心地位。虽然对大学和俱乐部的研究表明，机构的仪式和日常生活对于男性气质的形成是多么重要，但公立学校并没有受到同样的审查。迄今为止的方法都强调了学校在使男孩远离家庭、家庭生活、女性气质和女性世界方面的作用。专注于三个案例研究学校，温彻斯特学院、查特豪斯学院和兰斯学院，本文重新评估了维多利亚和爱德华时期家庭与学校之间的关系，并为 19 世纪下半叶关于男性家庭生活形式的文献做出了贡献。在改革后的公立学校中，父权制家庭的理想往往是必不可少的，而在产生这种理想的过程中，重要女性——校长和校长的妻子——的存在可能是至关重要的。学校还努力通过男孩在“发呆”系统中执行平凡的家务任务来创造一种特别男性化的家庭生活形式，这通常被想象成骑士服务的理想。那个时期的信件显示了学校和家庭的日常世界如何保持纠缠不清，