This paper aims to address relations between sexes at the start of farming in Europe, particularly through studying the funerary practices of one of the most important North Carpathian Basin Neolithic cemeteries: the site of Vedrovice (Moravia, Czech Republic), considered to be the first Linearbandkeramik (LBK) cemetery documented to date. In order to approach the relationships between women, children and men at the dawn of agriculture, use-wear studies have been undertaken on both ground and flaked stone instruments deposited as grave goods, thus generating new data about the activities performed using these tools. Furthermore, the relationship between sex, age, health condition and spatial distribution has also been addressed together with the isotopic information related to diet and mobility. The results suggest that sexes were valued differently in death. Unequal farming and/or hunting product distribution between the sexes and between women of different origin has been observed as well as higher tool and ornaments accumulation in male burials and a marked sexual differentiation of the male and female spheres of production represented through the stone funerary tools. A discussion is made around the possible interpretation of this result in terms of presence/absence of sexual inequalities.

本文旨在解决欧洲农业开始之初的两性关系，特别是通过研究北喀尔巴阡盆地最重要的新石器时代公墓之一的葬礼实践：Vedrovice遗址（捷克共和国摩拉维亚）Linearbandkeramik（LBK）公墓迄今已记录。为了解决农业曙光中男女老少之间的关系，已经对作为重物存放的地面和片状石器进行了磨损研究，从而产生了有关使用这些工具进行的活动的新数据。此外，还讨论了性别，年龄，健康状况和空间分布之间的关系以及与饮食和活动性有关的同位素信息。结果表明，性别对死亡的重视程度不同。观察到男女之间以及不同血统的妇女之间的耕作和/或狩猎产品分配不均，男性墓葬中工具和装饰品的积累更高，并且通过石葬工具代表了男性和女性生产领域的明显性别差异。根据是否存在性不平等，围绕该结果的可能解释进行了讨论。