If innovation is the engine of economies, the partnerships in the Triple Helix model of innovation are the fuel that makes this engine work. Although each member of this model has its defined role, the present study sought to gain a new perspective on these partnerships, including the role of governments. Based on interviews with representatives of universities, companies, and governments in two countries (i.e., Portugal and Spain), this research focused on how innovation partnerships are formed as well as what obstacles to cooperation can arise. The results show that governments can play the role not only of a financier and legislator but also of a direct participant in innovation by entering into partnerships with the other Triple Helix actors. In addition, this study revealed that, irrespective of which partners and needs are in question, these networks operate mostly with public funds.

中文翻译：

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一劳永逸，一劳永逸：三重螺旋知识创造中的协作与合作

如果创新是经济的引擎，那么三重螺旋创新模式中的伙伴关系就是使引擎运转的动力。尽管此模型的每个成员都有其明确的角色，但本研究试图对这些伙伴关系，包括政府的角色，寻求新的视角。基于对两个国家（即葡萄牙和西班牙）的大学，公司和政府代表的采访，本研究的重点是创新伙伴关系的形成方式以及可能出现的合作障碍。结果表明，政府可以与其他Triple Helix参与者建立伙伴关系，从而不仅可以扮演金融家和立法者的角色，而且可以扮演直接参与创新的角色。此外，这项研究表明，无论有哪些合作伙伴和需求存在疑问，