Regional integration in Africa is a subject of great interest, but its impact on income has not been studied sufficiently. Using cross-sectional and panel estimations, this article examines the impact of African integration on real per capita income in Africa. Accordingly, we consider intra-African trade and migration flows as quantitative measures reflecting the intensity of regional integration. To address the endogeneity concerns, we use a gravity-based, two-stage least-squares strategy. Our results show that, from a long-term perspective, African integration has not been strong enough to generate a positive, significant, and robust impact on real per capita income in Africa. However, it does appear to be significantly income-enhancing in the short and medium terms but only through intercountry migration. These results are robust to a wide range of specifications.

中文翻译：

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区域一体化：非洲内部贸易和移民是否会改善非洲的收入？

非洲的区域一体化是引起人们极大兴趣的一个主题，但对收入的影响尚未得到充分研究。本文使用横断面和面板估算，研究了非洲一体化对非洲实际人均收入的影响。因此，我们认为非洲内部的贸易和移民流动是反映区域一体化强度的定量措施。为了解决内生性问题，我们使用基于重力的两阶段最小二乘策略。我们的结果表明，从长远来看，非洲的一体化还不够强大，无法对非洲的实际人均收入产生积极，显着和强大的影响。但是，从中短期来看，它确实确实在显着提高收入，但仅是通过国家间迁移。