ABSTRACT

In the past two decades, regional organizations and coalitions of states have deployed more peace operations than the UN. Yet most quantitative studies of peacekeeping effectiveness focus on UN peacekeeping exclusively, a decision owed to data availability more than to theories about the differential impact of UN and non-UN missions. As a result, we know little about the effectiveness of non-UN peacekeeping in mitigating violence. In this paper, we introduce and analyse monthly data on the approximate number of troops, police, and observers in both UN and non-UN peacekeeping operations between 1993 and 2016. Using these data, we show that when accounting for mission size and composition, UN and regional peacekeeping operations are equally effective in mitigating violence against civilians by governments, but only UN troops and police curb civilian targeting by non-state actors. We offer some theoretical reflections on these findings, but the main contribution of the article is the novel dataset on non-UN peacekeeping strength and personnel composition to overcome the near-exclusive focus on UN missions in the scholarship on peacekeeping effectiveness.

摘要

在过去的二十年中，区域组织和国家联盟比联合国部署了更多的和平行动。然而，大多数关于维持和平效力的定量研究只集中于联合国维持和平，这一决定主要是由于可获得数据，而不是因为有关联合国和非联合国特派团的不同影响的理论。结果，我们对非联合国维持和平在减轻暴力方面的效力了解甚少。在本文中，我们介绍并分析了1993年至2016年联合国和非联合国维和行动中大约兵力，警察和观察员的月度数据。使用这些数据，我们发现，考虑到特派团的规模和组成，联合国和区域维持和平行动在减轻政府对平民的暴力行为方面同样有效，但只有联合国部队和警察遏制非国家行为者的平民目标。我们对这些发现提供了一些理论上的思考，但是本文的主要贡献是关于非联合国维和力量和人员组成的新颖数据集，以克服对维和效力的奖学金中对联合国特派团几乎所有的关注。