Part-time employment has repeatedly been proposed as a solution for integrating women into the labor market; however, empirical evidence supporting a causal link is mixed. In this text, we investigate the extent to which increasing part-time employment is a valid means of augmenting women’s labor market participation. We pay particular attention to the institutional context and the related characteristics of part-time employment in European countries to test the conditions under which this solution is a viable option. The results reveal that part-time employment may strengthen female employment in Continental Europe and especially in Southern Europe, where an increase in part-time employment—even if it is demand-side driven—leads to greater employment participation among women. We also discuss some policy implications and trade-offs: Although part-time work can lead to higher numbers of employed women, it does so at the cost of increasing gendered labor market segregation. We analyze data from the European Labor Force Survey (EU-LFS) 1992–2011 for 19 countries and 188 regions and exploit regional variation over time while controlling for time-constant regional characteristics, time-varying regional labor market features, and (time-varying) confounding factors at the national level.

中文翻译：

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兼职工作作为增加妇女就业的一种方式：（在哪里）它有效吗？

兼职工作一再被提议作为将妇女融入劳动力市场的解决方案；然而，支持因果关系的经验证据喜忧参半。在本文中，我们调查了增加兼职工作在多大程度上是增加女性劳动力市场参与的有效手段。我们特别关注欧洲国家兼职就业的制度背景和相关特征，以测试这种解决方案是可行选择的条件。结果表明，兼职就业可能会加强欧洲大陆，尤其是南欧的女性就业，在那里兼职就业的增加——即使是由需求方驱动——导致女性就业参与度更高。我们还讨论了一些政策影响和权衡：虽然兼职工作可以导致更多的女性就业，但这样做的代价是增加了性别劳动力市场的隔离。我们分析了 1992-2011 年欧洲劳动力调查 (EU-LFS) 中 19 个国家和 188 个地区的数据，并在控制时间恒定的地区特征、时变的地区劳动力市场特征和（时间-不同的）国家层面的混杂因素。