There is virtually no information on the relevance of contextual gun availability for homicide-suicide, or on whether ecological gun availability distinguishes homicide-suicide from homicide-only and suicide-only. This study addresses these gaps in the literature. Data from the National Violent Death Reporting System includes 2,535 homicide-suicides, 28,027 homicides, and 138,948 suicides across 1,584 counties and 50 U.S. states from 2003 to 2015. Results indicated that ecological gun ownership increased state rates of homicide-suicide and amplified the odds of firearm violence against two persons (other and self) relative to one (other or self). The results suggest that limiting gun availability can significantly reduce homicide-suicide.

中文翻译：

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自杀式自杀的情境化：在多个分析层次上研究生态枪支的可用性如何影响自杀式自杀

实际上，没有关于枪支上下文相关性与自杀性自杀相关性的信息，也没有关于生态枪支可用性是否将自杀式自杀与仅凶杀和仅自杀相区别的信息。这项研究解决了文献中的这些空白。国家暴力死亡报告系统提供的数据包括2003年至2015年间1,584个县和美国50个州的2,535起凶杀自杀，28,027起谋杀自杀和138,948起自杀。结果表明，生态枪支拥有权增加了州自杀杀人率，并增加了自杀率。针对一个人（另一个人或自己）针对两个人（另一个人和自己）的枪支暴力。结果表明，限制枪支的使用量可以大大减少凶杀自杀。