Past research exploring correlates to gunshot wound fatality have focused on the distance between the victim/incident location and trauma care facilities. Far less is known regarding the role of first responders in linking individuals to trauma care services. This study introduces a new method for measuring proximity to trauma care services and first responder locations, using the STATA OSRMTIME package to assess this relationship. A positive and significant relationship was found between travel time, measured in minutes, from first responder locations and the likelihood of gunshot fatality, controlling for age, race, sex, and, injury severity.

中文翻译：

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抢救枪伤受害者：急救人员的影响和地理挑战

过去与枪伤致死相关的探索性研究都集中在受害者/事故发生地点与创伤护理设施之间的距离上。关于急救人员在将个人与创伤护理服务联系起来方面的作用知之甚少。这项研究引入了一种新的方法来测量与创伤护理服务和急救人员位置的接近程度，使用STATA OSRMTIME软件包来评估这种关系。发现从第一响应者位置出发的旅行时间（以分钟为单位）与枪击致死的可能性之间存在正相关关系，枪击致死的可能性控制着年龄，种族，性别和伤害的严重程度。