While behaviourist psychology had proven its worth to the US military during the Second World War, the 1950s saw behaviourism increasingly associated with a Cold War discourse of ‘totalitarianism’. This article considers the argument made in Hannah Arendt’s The Origins of Totalitarianism on totalitarianism as a form of behaviourist control. By connecting Arendt’s Cold War anti-behaviourism both to its discursive antecedents in a Progressive-era critique of industrial labour, and to contemporaneous attacks on behaviourism, this paper aims to answer two interlocking questions: Why was behaviourism overtaken by cognitivism as the dominant theoretical orientation of psychologists in the 1960s, and what role did the concept of language play in this shift?

中文翻译：

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“可怕的牵线木偶”和认知自由主义的政治形而上学：反行为主义、语言和极权主义的起源

虽然行为主义心理学在第二次世界大战期间已经证明了其对美军的价值，但在 1950 年代，行为主义越来越多地与冷战时期的“极权主义”话语联系在一起。本文考虑了汉娜·阿伦特 (Hannah Arendt) 的《极权主义的起源》(The Origins of Totalitarianism) 中关于极权主义作为一种行为主义控制形式的论点。通过将阿伦特的冷战反行为主义与其在进步时代对工业劳动的批判中的话语先例以及同时期对行为主义的攻击联系起来，本文旨在回答两个相互关联的问题：为什么行为主义被认知主义取代成为主要的理论取向1960 年代的心理学家，语言的概念在这种转变中扮演了什么角色？