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American lesbians are not French women: heterosexual French feminism and the Americanisation of lesbianism in the 1970s
Feminist Theory ( IF 1.9 ) Pub Date : 2019-10-21 , DOI: 10.1177/1464700119871852
Ilana Eloit 1
Affiliation  

This article examines the ways in which 1970s French feminists who participated in the Women’s Liberation Movement (Mouvement de libération des femmes – MLF) wielded the spectre of lesbianism as an American idiosyncrasy to counteract the politicisation of lesbianism in France. It argues that the erasure of lesbian difference from the domain of French feminism was a necessary condition for making ‘woman’ an amenable subject for incorporation into the abstract unity of the French nation, wherein heterosexuality is conceived as a democratic crucible where men and women harmoniously come together and differences are deemed divisive. Looking at the history of feminism from the standpoint of a lesbian perspective reveals unforeseen continuities between French ‘feminist’ and ‘anti-feminist’ genealogies insofar as they rest on common heterosexual and racial foundations. Finally, the article demonstrates that the alleged un-Frenchness ascribed to the word ‘lesbian’ in the 1970s feminist movement spectrally returned in the 1990s when the word ‘gender’ was, in its turn, deemed radically foreign to the French culture by feminist researchers. Fiercely reactionary constituencies against the legalisation of same-sex marriage have more recently taken up this rhetorical weapon against sexual and racial minorities.

中文翻译:

美国女同性恋者不是法国女性:异性恋的法国女权主义和 1970 年代女同性恋的美国化

本文探讨了 1970 年代参加妇女解放运动 (Mouvement de libération des femmes – MLF) 的法国女权主义者如何将女同性恋作为美国特质来对抗法国女同性恋的政治化。它认为,从法国女权主义的领域中消除女同性恋差异是使“女人”成为融入法国民族抽象统一体的顺从主体的必要条件,其中异性恋被视为男女和谐相处的民主熔炉。走到一起,差异被认为是分裂的。从女同性恋的角度来看女权主义的历史,揭示了法国“女权主义”和“反女权主义”谱系之间不可预见的连续性,因为它们建立在共同的异性恋和种族基础上。最后,文章表明,在 1970 年代女权运动中归因于“女同性恋”一词的所谓非法国性在 1990 年代又回来了,当时女权主义研究人员认为“性别”一词对法国文化来说是完全陌生的。 . 反对同性婚姻合法化的激烈反动选民最近拿起了这种针对性少数和种族少数的修辞武器。这篇文章表明,在 1970 年代女权运动中归因于“女同性恋”一词的所谓非法国性在 1990 年代又回来了,当时女权主义研究人员认为“性别”一词对法国文化来说是完全陌生的。反对同性婚姻合法化的激烈反动选民最近拿起了这种针对性少数和种族少数的修辞武器。这篇文章表明,在 1970 年代女权运动中归因于“女同性恋”一词的所谓非法国性在 1990 年代又回来了,当时女权主义研究人员认为“性别”一词对法国文化来说是完全陌生的。反对同性婚姻合法化的激烈反动选民最近拿起了这种针对性少数和种族少数的修辞武器。
更新日期:2019-10-21
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