On the issue of abortion, Ireland and Poland have been among the most conservative countries in Europe. Their legal and cultural approaches to this issue have been deeply influenced by the institution of the Catholic Church and its purported role as a defender of an authentic national identity. However, their political climates for abortion reform are increasingly divergent: Ireland has liberalised its abortion law substantially since 2018, while Poland is moving towards further criminalisation with the repeated introduction of restrictive laws in parliament. Both have seen active pro-choice movements who mobilise for reform and widespread non-compliance with their restrictive abortion laws, but the policy impact of these trends varies significantly. What accounts for this difference? This article draws on comparative analysis of Ireland and Poland to assess their divergent trajectories on abortion reform, arguing that the most significant driver of change between the two is the disparity in influence of the Catholic Church on politics and policymaking.

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道德政策的坚持和变化：天主教会在爱尔兰和波兰堕胎政治中的作用

在堕胎问题上，爱尔兰和波兰一直是欧洲最保守的国家之一。他们对这个问题的法律和文化方法深受天主教会制度及其所谓的真正民族身份捍卫者的影响。然而，他们对堕胎改革的政治气候越来越分歧：爱尔兰自 2018 年以来已大幅放宽其堕胎法，而波兰正朝着进一步刑事定罪的方向发展，议会一再引入限制性法律。两者都看到了积极的支持选择运动，他们动员起来进行改革和普遍不遵守其限制性堕胎法，但这些趋势的政策影响差异很大。造成这种差异的原因是什么？本文通过对爱尔兰和波兰的比较分析来评估它们在堕胎改革方面的不同轨迹，认为两者之间最重要的变化驱动因素是天主教会在政治和政策制定方面的影响差异。