A growing number of people are relying on technologies like Google Maps not only to navigate and locate themselves in cartographic space but also to search, discover and evaluate urban places. While the spatial data that underlies such technology frequently appears as a combination of Google-created maps and locational information passively collected from mobile (GPS-enabled) devices, in this article we argue that for such systems to function as both useful tools for exploration for users and sources of revenue, users must actively produce massive quantities of granular spatial data that would otherwise be significantly more difficult and expensive to collect. The production of this qualitative information about places constitutes significant unremunerated affective labour. In this article, we build on the tradition of feminist geographies, especially feminist and critical Geographic Information Systems (GIS), to examine how the labour done by gendered, raced and often classed members of a local community is alienated by Google (i.e. Alphabet, Inc.) to produce commodified spatial data/media in the Local Guides platform. We analyse how Google’s presentation of the platform hails women as care labourers—sharing their thoughts, feelings and knowledge of place for free in the name of supporting and caring for a community, however vaguely it may be constituted. At the same time, we argue that digital labour that produces the Local Guides platform draws from and reproduces specific gendering of spaces. We draw on a case study of a commercial corridor in the US city of Worcester, Massachusetts to show how the dialectic between affective digital labour and urban space has material effects on the production of raced, classed and gendered spaces and places. The article concludes with a call to maintain critical, feminist engagements with these types of platforms in order to further develop forms of digital praxis towards more just cities.

中文翻译：

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Will Review for Points：Google 的“本地向导”场所营造的无偿情感劳动

越来越多的人依赖谷歌地图等技术，不仅在制图空间中导航和定位自己，而且还搜索、发现和评估城市地点。虽然作为此类技术基础的空间数据经常表现为谷歌创建的地图和从移动（支持 GPS 的）设备被动收集的位置信息的组合，但在本文中，我们认为，对于此类系统来说，这些系统既可以作为探索探索的有用工具，用户和收入来源，用户必须积极生成大量细粒度的空间数据，否则收集起来会更加困难和昂贵。这种关于地点的定性信息的生产构成了重要的无报酬的情感劳动。在本文中，我们以女权主义地理学的传统为基础，特别是女权主义和批判性地理信息系统 (GIS)，以检查本地社区的性别、种族和经常分类的成员所做的劳动如何被谷歌（即 Alphabet, Inc.）疏远，以在本地生产商品化的空间数据/媒体指导平台。我们分析了谷歌对该平台的介绍如何将女性称为护理工作者——以支持和关爱社区的名义免费分享她们的想法、感受和地方知识，无论其构成多么模糊。与此同时，我们认为，产生本地向导平台的数字劳动力汲取并复制了特定的空间性别。我们借鉴了美国伍斯特市商业走廊的案例研究，马萨诸塞州展示情感数字劳动力和城市空间之间的辩证如何对种族、阶级和性别空间和场所的生产产生物质影响。文章最后呼吁保持对这些类型平台的批判性、女权主义参与，以进一步发展面向更公正城市的数字实践形式。