Globally, cities have been experiencing neoliberal urbanization processes since the 1970s, while also contributing to the production of the neoliberal condition per se. The neoliberal state plays a core role in such processes, which have deepened the commodification of urban space via various mechanisms such as the privatization of public land and key urban infrastructure. This article critically investigates the direct involvement of the neoliberal state in the commodification of urban space by focusing on its triple role as a restructuring mechanism, a land developer and a volume housing developer in Turkey. The research develops and applies a theoretical framework based on Lefebvre’s production of space and Gramsci’s theory of hegemony. The paper examines the development of branded housing projects, which are private neighbourhoods, by analysing national legislative and organizational changes leading to the production of this type of development and illustrates this using four example projects in Istanbul. The paper contributes to the international evidence of the variegated characteristics of the neoliberal state in relation to urban development, and the neoliberal state’s role in the accumulation of capital in contemporary capitalism.

中文翻译：

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国家在城市空间商品化中的作用：伊斯坦布尔品牌住宅项目案例

在全球范围内，自 1970 年代以来，城市一直在经历新自由主义城市化进程，同时也促进了新自由主义条件本身的产生。新自由主义国家在这些过程中发挥着核心作用，通过公共土地和关键城市基础设施私有化等各种机制深化了城市空间的商品化。本文通过关注新自由主义国家在土耳其作为重组机制、土地开发商和批量住房开发商的三重角色，批判性地研究了新自由主义国家在城市空间商品化中的直接参与。该研究开发并应用了基于列斐伏尔的空间生产和葛兰西的霸权理论的理论框架。本文考察了品牌住宅项目的发展，这些项目是私人社区，通过分析导致此类开发项目产生的国家立法和组织变化，并使用伊斯坦布尔的四个示例项目来说明这一点。本文为新自由主义国家在城市发展方面的各种特征以及新自由主义国家在当代资本主义资本积累中的作用提供了国际证据。