Research on innovation has often concentrated on a narrow set of sectors and activities, and on the experiences of the most advanced regions in the world. However, innovation, when defined in a broad sense, incorporates a variety of processes and outputs that cut across organisational, sectoral, territorial and knowledge boundaries. This paper seeks to make a contribution to this literature by focusing on the experiences of less developed regions, and by examining how different knowledge bases contribute to technological upgrading and higher added value for firms. It argues that in regions where access to advanced knowledge and technology is restricted, or where firms do not have the absorptive capacity to access, absorb and exploit such knowledge, combining existing knowledge in innovative ways may be the best strategy for firms to become more innovative and competitive. It also argues that this combination can happen through vertical integration within the firm, or by the creation and maintenance of inter-firm mechanisms that stimulate knowledge dissemination. These themes are discussed by drawing on the evolution of the wine industry in three Portuguese regions. These regions have all experienced different trajectories, in terms of the renewal of their wine industry, and it is argued that this is in part the result of endogenous regional characteristics.

中文翻译：

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组合知识库中的企业内部和企业间动态

创新研究往往集中在一组狭窄的部门和活动上，以及世界上最先进地区的经验。然而，广义上的创新包含跨越组织、部门、地域和知识界限的各种流程和产出。本文旨在通过关注欠发达地区的经验，并通过研究不同的知识基础如何为企业的技术升级和更高的附加值做出贡献，为这些文献做出贡献。它认为，在获取先进知识和技术受到限制的地区，或者企业没有获取、吸收和利用这些知识的吸收能力的地区，以创新方式结合现有知识可能是公司变得更具创新性和竞争力的最佳战略。它还认为，这种结合可以通过企业内部的垂直整合发生，或者通过创建和维护促进知识传播的企业间机制来实现。这些主题通过借鉴葡萄牙三个地区葡萄酒行业的演变进行讨论。这些地区在葡萄酒产业的更新方面都经历了不同的轨迹，有人认为这部分是内生区域特征的结果。这些主题通过借鉴葡萄牙三个地区葡萄酒行业的演变进行讨论。这些地区在葡萄酒产业的更新方面都经历了不同的轨迹，有人认为这部分是内生区域特征的结果。这些主题通过借鉴葡萄牙三个地区葡萄酒行业的演变进行讨论。这些地区在葡萄酒产业的更新方面都经历了不同的轨迹，有人认为这部分是内生区域特征的结果。