当前位置: X-MOL 学术European Urban and Regional Studies › 论文详情
Our official English website, www.x-mol.net, welcomes your feedback! (Note: you will need to create a separate account there.)
Development policy, Western Europe and the question of specificity
European Urban and Regional Studies ( IF 4.842 ) Pub Date : 2018-10-02 , DOI: 10.1177/0969776418798689
Kevin R Cox 1
Affiliation  

In the Anglophone literature on local and regional development policy there are tendencies to overextension of claims from one side of the Atlantic to the other, or there is no comparative framing at all. As a result the specificity of the West European case tends to be lost. In contrast with the USA, the West European instance is very different indeed. Although there have been changes since the postwar golden years of urban and regional planning, central government remains crucial in the structuring of local and regional development and has given expression to counter-posed class forces: regional policy was historically an aspect of the welfare state as promoted by the labor movement, while urbanization policy has been much more about the forces of the political right. In the USA, by contrast, local governments and to a lesser degree, the states, have been and continue to be supreme; in contrast to Western Europe, location tends to be much more market-determined, with local and governments acting as market agents. Class forces have seemingly been much weaker, territorial coalitions occupying the center ground. As a first cut, these differences have to do with state structure: the Western European state is far more centralized, facilitating the implementation of policies that are relatively indifferent to local specificity, while in the USA the converse applies. State structures, however, are parts of broader social formations and reflect the different socio-historical conditions in which West European societies, on the one hand, and their American counterpoint, on the other, have emerged.

中文翻译:

发展政策、西欧和特殊性问题

在关于地方和区域发展政策的英语文献中,有一种倾向,即从大西洋的一侧向另一侧过度扩张,或者根本没有比较框架。因此,西欧案例的特殊性往往会丢失。与美国相比,西欧的情况确实非常不同。尽管自战后城市和区域规划的黄金年代以来发生了变化,但中央政府在地方和区域发展的结构中仍然至关重要,并表达了对立的阶级力量:区域政策在历史上是福利国家的一个方面由劳工运动推动,而城市化政策更多地是关于政治权利的力量。相比之下,在美国,地方政府和在较小程度上的州,一直并将继续是至高无上的;与西欧相反,位置往往由市场决定,地方和政府充当市场代理。阶级力量似乎要弱得多,领土联盟占据了中心地带。首先,这些差异与国家结构有关:西欧国家的集权程度要高得多,这有助于实施对地方特殊性相对漠不关心的政策,而在美国,情况正好相反。然而,国家结构是更广泛社会形态的一部分,反映了不同的社会历史条件,一方面是西欧社会,另一方面是它们的美国对立面。地点往往由市场决定,地方和政府充当市场代理。阶级力量似乎要弱得多,领土联盟占据了中心地带。首先,这些差异与国家结构有关:西欧国家的集权程度要高得多,这有助于实施对地方特殊性相对漠不关心的政策,而在美国,情况正好相反。然而,国家结构是更广泛社会形态的一部分,反映了不同的社会历史条件,一方面是西欧社会,另一方面是它们的美国对立面。地点往往由市场决定,地方和政府充当市场代理。阶级力量似乎要弱得多,领土联盟占据了中心地带。首先,这些差异与国家结构有关:西欧国家的集权程度要高得多,这有助于实施对地方特殊性相对漠不关心的政策,而在美国,情况正好相反。然而,国家结构是更广泛社会形态的一部分,反映了不同的社会历史条件,一方面是西欧社会,另一方面是它们的美国对立面。首先,这些差异与国家结构有关:西欧国家的集权程度要高得多,这有助于实施对地方特殊性相对漠不关心的政策,而在美国,情况正好相反。然而,国家结构是更广泛社会形态的一部分,反映了不同的社会历史条件,一方面是西欧社会,另一方面是它们的美国对立面。首先,这些差异与国家结构有关:西欧国家的集权程度要高得多,这有助于实施对地方特殊性相对漠不关心的政策,而在美国,情况正好相反。然而,国家结构是更广泛社会形态的一部分,反映了不同的社会历史条件,一方面是西欧社会,另一方面是它们的美国对立面。
更新日期:2018-10-02
down
wechat
bug