This article examines the evolution of Zygmunt Bauman’s theory of culture during his over-sixty-year-long scholarly activity. Bauman wrote his first books on the theory of culture (Culture and Society; Sketches in the Theory of Culture) when he was a Professor at Warsaw University. The ideas put forward at that time were later developed in his writings. This applies in particular to the critical nature of his thought, the combination of synchronic and diachronic perspectives, the inclusion of the context of the social structure as well as his references to the structural dimension and to agency. Later years – starting with the publication of the book, Culture as Praxis – saw Bauman’s growing emphasis on the transcendence of the existing reality and the creative role of an individual in the transformation of cultural reality. This article shows how other theorists of culture inspired Bauman and how he critically referred to them. The article offers a holistic look at Zygmunt Bauman’s oeuvre. It also creates an opportunity for English-speaking readers to become familiar with Bauman’s writings in his mother tongue.

中文翻译：

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从修正主义到逆境主义：齐格蒙特·鲍曼文化理论的稳定性和变异性

本文考察了齐格蒙特·鲍曼（Zygmunt Bauman）在长达60年的学术活动中的文化理论的演变。鲍曼（Bauman）在华沙大学（Warsaw University）担任教授时，写了第一本关于文化理论的书籍（文化与社会；文化理论素描）。当时提出的想法后来在他的著作中得到发展。这尤其适用于他的思想的批判性，共时性和历时性观点的结合，社会结构背景的包括以及他对结构维度和代理的提及。后来的几年-从出版《实践文化》一书开始，鲍曼开始越来越重视现有现实的超越和个人在文化现实转变中的创造性作用。本文说明了其他文化理论家如何启发鲍曼，以及鲍曼如何批判性地提及他们。文章对齐格蒙特·鲍曼的作品作了全面的介绍。这也为说英语的读者提供了一个机会，以熟悉鲍曼的母语。