ABSTRACT South Africa is a country found on extreme forms of inequality along race, gender, and class lines. Thus, transformation addressing these inequalities of the apartheid past became a critical factor in the re-organisation of society at the onset of democracy in 1994. One essential intervention in addressing mainly the economic disparities of the past was Black Economic Empowerment (BEE), introduced by the African National Congress (ANC) government to overcome the economic legacy of apartheid. The BEE programme, renamed the Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment (B-BBEE) in 2007, measures the transformation performance of companies across all sectors of the economy, according to a specified scorecard. In the absence of a media-specific transformation policy, the Act serves as its transformation policy standard. This paper critiques the B-BBEE policy instrument in relation to print media transformation using Critical race theory, and related concepts, such as racial capitalism, and racial liberalism. The paper finds that despite the racial diversification of the racial composition of the media, B-BBEE is largely an illusion. The B-BBEE strategy has not changed the racial character of the economy, and fundamentally resulted in the co-optation of a small black elite into the wealthy white capitalist elite inherited from the apartheid era, where the “power relationship” reminiscent of apartheid still exists and white privilege intersects with other forms of subordination such as gender and class. Policies supporting media transformation must become “race conscious” in a way that openly confronts racism and engages with systematic racism and exclusion.

中文翻译：

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批判南非的印刷媒体转型与黑人赋权：一种批判种族理论方法

摘要南非是一个在种族，性别和阶级界限上存在极端不平等形式的国家。因此，解决过去种族隔离制度的这些不平等现象的转型成为1994年民主制度开始时社会重组的关键因素。引入了黑人经济赋权（BEE）来主要解决过去的经济差距是一项重要的干预措施。由非洲人国民大会（ANC）政府克服种族隔离的经济遗产。BEE计划在2007年更名为基础广泛的黑人经济赋权（B-BBEE），根据指定的计分卡衡量企业在整个经济领域的转型绩效。在没有针对媒体的转型政策的情况下，该法案成为其转型政策的标准。本文使用批判种族理论以及相关概念（例如种族资本主义和种族自由主义）对与印刷媒体转型有关的B-BBEE政策工具进行了批评。该论文发现，尽管种族的种族组成多样化，但B-BBEE在很大程度上是一种幻想。B-BBEE战略并未改变经济的种族特征，并从根本上导致了一个小黑人精英被选为种族隔离时代所继承的富有的白人资本主义精英，在那里，“权力关系”仍然让人联想到种族隔离。存在，白人特权与其他从属形式相交，例如性别和阶级。支持媒体变革的政策必须以公开对抗种族主义，参与系统性种族主义和排斥的方式成为“种族意识”。