ABSTRACT

The influence of Khoekhoe languages on Afrikaans on the Cape Frontier of the Nineteenth Century is considered as the cradle of Afrikaans. Two varieties of Afrikaans were used on the Frontier, the Afrikaans of cattle farmers and the Afrikaans of the Khoekhoen. Frederick Jackson Turner's theory, developed in relation to the American Frontier, is applied to the Cape Frontier. Turner argued that the American Frontier was not only a physical space, but a creator of new myths, and destroyer of existing ones. Frontiers can therefore be more than geographical spaces; they are a condition of constant transformation. Using the syntactic structure of Afrikaans verbal hendiadys we argue that the context of the Cape Frontier was the creator of Afrikaans. A closer examination of the community on the Cape Frontier suggests that it was a diverse but integrated community of Khoekhoen, Oorlams, Basters, Trekboers and European cattle farmers. They used Afrikaans as lingua franca. A syntactic analysis of the verbal connecting constructions of Standard Afrikaans suggests that Afrikaans constructions may originate from Khoekhoe languages and are not a spontaneous development from seventeenth century Dutch. Afrikaans, it is argued, is therefore less Germanic in origin and more Khoekhoe.

摘要

十九世纪的开普边境海角语言对南非荷兰语的影响被认为是南非荷兰语的发源地。边境使用了两种南非荷兰语，即养牛场的南非荷兰语和Khoekhoen的南非荷兰语。弗雷德里克·杰克逊·特纳（Frederick Jackson Turner）的理论是与美国边境有关的，后来被运用于边境角。特纳认为，“美国前沿”不仅是一个物理空间，而且还是新神话的创造者和现有神话的破坏者。因此，边界不仅限于地理空间；它们是不断转变的条件。使用南非荷兰语口头hendiadys的句法结构，我们认为开普边境的背景是南非荷兰语的创造者。对开普边境地区的社区进行的仔细研究表明，这是一个由Khoekhoen，Oorlams，Basters，Trekboers和欧洲养牛户组成的多元化但融合的社区。他们用南非荷兰语作为通用语。对标准南非荷兰语的言语连接构造的句法分析表明，南非荷兰语的构造可能起源于Khoekhoe语言，而不是十七世纪荷兰人的自发发展。因此，南非荷兰语因此起源较不像日耳曼语，而更像是K语。对标准南非荷兰语的言语连接构造的句法分析表明，南非荷兰语的构造可能起源于Khoekhoe语言，而不是十七世纪荷兰人的自发发展。因此，南非荷兰语因此起源较不像日耳曼语，而更像是K语。对标准南非荷兰语的言语连接构造的句法分析表明，南非荷兰语的构造可能起源于Khoekhoe语言，而不是十七世纪荷兰人的自发发展。因此，南非荷兰语因此起源较不像日耳曼语，而更像是K语。