The hostile media effect (HME) entails that partisanship incites hostile perceptions of media content. However, other research underscores that partisans selectively turn to like-minded media, resulting in a friendly media phenomenon (FMP). The present study suggests that the HME and FMP co-exist, and, furthermore, jointly affect people’s voting behavior. More specifically, based on a media content analysis and a long-term panel survey surrounding the 2014 election for the European Parliament in the Netherlands, we find that people selectively turn to like-minded friendly media (FMP), but perceive coverage about the EU (European Union) in these media as relatively unsupportive of their own position (HME). In this context, the FMP and HME appear to jointly influence voting behavior. People cast votes in line with the objectively partisan-friendly media tone of their self-selected media. However, to a certain extent they do so, because they seem motivated to counteract the seemingly unfair or insufficient coverage about the EU.

中文翻译：

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友好媒体对敌对媒体的看法增强了党派关系

敌对媒体效应（HME）要求党派煽动对媒体内容的敌对感知。但是，其他研究强调，党派人士有选择地转向志趣相投的媒体，从而导致了友好媒体现象（FMP）。本研究表明，HME和FMP并存，并且共同影响人们的投票行为。更具体地说，根据媒体内容分析和围绕2014年荷兰欧洲议会大选的长期面板调查，我们发现人们有选择地转向志同道合的友好媒体（FMP），但感知到有关欧盟的报道（欧洲联盟）在这些媒体中表示相对不支持自己的立场（HME）。在这种情况下，FMP和HME似乎共同影响投票行为。人们根据自己选择的媒体的客观党派友好媒体语气投票。但是，在一定程度上他们这样做是因为他们似乎有动力抵消似乎对欧盟不公平或不充分的报道。