ABSTRACT

In 1958 Guinea voted to become independent. Historians have argued French administrators left Conakry as a form of punishment while Soviet aid offers turned Guinea into a Cold War frontline. This article, however, argues that the French handling of the Guinea crisis was fundamentally shaped by disagreements about cultural assistance. French culture, which in the early 1950s was viewed as a tool aimed at cultivating African loyalty, during the crisis became a modernising force uniquely suited to boosting African development. In 1960, cultural assistance became explicitly transactional: African countries that were expected to remain loyal to France received culture in return. The story of cultural assistance, therefore, elucidates the French understanding of empire and the Cold War in Africa.

摘要

1958年，几内亚投票决定独立。历史学家认为，法国行政人员以科纳克里为惩罚，而苏联的援助则使几内亚成为冷战前线。但是，本文认为，法国对几内亚危机的处理从根本上是由于对文化援助的分歧而形成的。在1950年代初期，法国文化被视为旨在培养非洲忠诚度的工具，在危机期间，法国文化成为了独特的现代化力量，可以促进非洲的发展。1960年，文化援助成为明确的交易对象：原本希望忠于法国的非洲国家获得了文化回报。因此，文化援助的故事阐明了法国对帝国和非洲冷战的理解。