Abstract:

Using data from the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), this article examines gender differences in obtaining a wide array of educational, social, and cultural resources across forty countries, and assesses the extent to which these differences are consistent with predictions that come from rational choice, cultural, and evolutionary approaches. Analyses confirm that daughters are the greater beneficiaries of social and cultural resources, as well as of some educational resources. Meanwhile, sons have greater exposure to a smaller number of resources that are conducive to the acquisition of technological skills. These patterns are consistent with the thesis that there are gendered spheres of investment in home resources. Although gender inequality measured at the national level reconfigures the effects of gender on home resources, particularly cultural activity, there appears to be some dearth of a strong consistent pattern about the cross-national variations in gender differences. Results also fail to support evolutionary predictions, most notably of a strong version of the Trivers-Willard hypothesis that son favoritism should prevail in high-status families and daughter favoritism in low-status families.

摘要：

本文使用国际学生评估计划（PISA）的数据，考察了40个国家/地区获得广泛的教育，社会和文化资源时的性别差异，并评估了这些差异与来自以下国家的预测相符的程度理性选择，文化和进化方法。分析证实，女儿是社会和文化资源以及某些教育资源的更大受益者。同时，儿子更容易获得较少的资源，这有助于获得技术技能。这些模式与关于在家庭资源上存在性别投资领域的论点是一致的。尽管在国家一级衡量的性别不平等重新配置了性别对家庭资源的影响，尤其是文化活动，似乎缺乏关于性别差异的跨国差异的强而一致的模式。结果也不能支持进化预测，尤其是特里弗斯-维拉德（Trivers-Willard）假设的强力推论，即在较高地位的家庭中应优先考虑儿子偏爱，而在较低地位的家庭中应优先考虑女儿偏爱。