Abstract

Pudjinuk Rockshelter No. 1 is one of two small, adjacent shelters located in the limestone cliffs of the River Murray Gorge, South Australia. While both rockshelters represent a crucial node in the cultural landscape of the region, Pudjinuk Rockshelter No. 1 is significant for its remnant pre-contact rock art and the body of historical inscriptions it contains. Site surveys recorded 188 motifs, only one of which was a pre-contact engraving, indicating that the ‘graffiti’ has almost entirely obliterated a body of Aboriginal petroglyphs. Historical research to ascertain the identities of those represented in the post-contact corpus shows the inscriptions to be the work of members of frontier conflict/punitive expeditions, local European settlers and a non-local Aboriginal man. Of the motifs that can be confidently attributed to German/European settlers from villages in nearby districts, one incorporates a swastika, probably engraved in 1932. Pudjinuk Rockshelter No. 1 reveals deep Aboriginal connection as well as interpenetrating tensions and social histories as a result of European invasion, colonisation and global events. However, even where inscriptions serve to desecrate the site they nevertheless co-exist with the Aboriginal motif, creating a new ‘dependency’—entangled for as long as they endure together on the rockshelter walls.

摘要

Pudjinuk Rockshelter 1号是位于南澳大利亚州默里峡谷（River Murray Gorge）石灰岩悬崖上的两个相邻小避难所之一。虽然这两个岩棚都代表了该地区文化景观中的关键节点，但Pudjinuk 1号岩棚对于其残留的接触前岩画及其所包含的历史铭文具有重要意义。现场调查记录了188个图案，其中只有一个是接触前的雕刻，这表明“涂鸦”几乎完全抹掉了原住民的岩画。为确定接触后语料库中所代表者的身份而进行的历史研究表明，这些铭文是边境冲突/惩罚性考察，当地欧洲定居者和非本地原住民的工作。在可以确信地归因于附近地区村庄的德国/欧洲定居者的主题中，有一个包含十字形记号，可能刻于1932年。Pudjinuk Rockshelter No. 1揭示了深厚的原住民联系以及由于以下原因而相互渗透的紧张关系和社会历史欧洲的入侵，殖民和全球事件。但是，即使碑文用来亵渎该遗址，它们仍与原住民图案共存，创造了一种新的“依存关系”，只要纠缠在一起，只要它们能一起在石棚墙壁上忍受。