ABSTRACT Surf breaks are natural resources that have experienced degradation in many countries worldwide. In response, protection initiatives have been established that are typically led by non-governmental groups. In 2010, New Zealand became the first country to establish legal protection for surf breaks at a national scale, as the result of a policy review. This article identifies contributions to these new developments with a focus on top-down and bottom-up activities that influenced the outcomes achieved. The substantive protection developments originated from the input of concerned individuals whose participation was not directly assured. These voluntary inputs were underpinned by a series of community-led activities that helped formulate and refine proposals to be put forward when the formal consultation opportunities arose. Although these bottom-up aspects had a strong influence on outcomes, top-down aspects of the context included decisions on the process adopted for policy review. This shaped the participation opportunities and therefore point of entry for bottom-up activities to engage. The case illustrates important principles for policy development where connections between top-down and bottom-up approaches are desired. Benefits include the potential for community-led solutions to natural resource challenges to be developed, and supported, as exemplified here.

中文翻译：

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新西兰冲浪假期的法律保护：自然资源挑战的自上而下和自下而上的方面

摘要冲浪休息是世界各地许多国家的自然资源退化。作为回应，已经建立了通常由非政府组织牵头的保护举措。2010年，由于政策审查，新西兰成为第一个在全国范围内为冲浪休息提供法律保护的国家。本文确定了对这些新发展的贡献，重点放在自上而下和自下而上的活动上，这些活动影响了所取得的成果。实质性保护的发展源于没有直接保证参与的有关个人的投入。这些自愿性投入的基础是一系列社区主导的活动，这些活动有助于制定和完善在出现正式咨询机会时提出的建议。尽管这些自下而上的方面对结果有很大的影响，但上下文中的自上而下的方面包括对用于政策审查的过程的决策。这塑造了参与机会，并因此形成了自下而上活动参与的切入点。该案例说明了政策制定的重要原则，其中需要自上而下和自下而上的方法之间的联系。好处包括开发和支持以社区为主导的自然资源挑战解决方案的潜力，如此处所示。该案例说明了政策制定的重要原则，其中需要自上而下和自下而上的方法之间的联系。好处包括开发和支持以社区为主导的自然资源挑战解决方案的潜力，如此处所示。该案例说明了政策制定的重要原则，其中需要自上而下和自下而上的方法之间的联系。好处包括开发和支持以社区为主导的自然资源挑战解决方案的潜力，如此处所示。