This paper focuses on how Japanese immigrants who settled in Spain and Scotland are building new social networks and questions how this process changes the way they relate to Japan and their Japanese identities. A grounded theory approach was used to gather data for the study. The sample is composed of 14 immigrants interviewed in Scotland and 17 in Spain. Based on content analysis, the study found that both groups of immigrants emphasized five key elements in developing their new sense of belonging. These are: having a local partner; interest in the host country; workplace experiences; number of local and/or Japanese friends in their social network; and foreign language proficiency. Immigrant identity development is a dynamic process of construction in which both personal behavior and social aspects are involved.

中文翻译：

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在苏格兰和西班牙的日本移民中发展身份认同感、归属感和社交网络

本文重点关注定居在西班牙和苏格兰的日本移民如何建立新的社交网络，并质疑这一过程如何改变他们与日本及其日本身份的联系方式。扎根理论方法用于收集研究数据。样本由在苏格兰接受采访的 14 名移民和在西班牙接受采访的 17 名移民组成。根据内容分析，该研究发现，两组移民都强调了培养新归属感的五个关键要素。它们是： 拥有当地合作伙伴；对东道国的兴趣；工作经验；社交网络中本地和/或日本朋友的数量；和外语能力。移民身份发展是一个动态的建构过程，其中涉及个人行为和社会方面。