This study examines why and how labor migration from a village in Sindh, Pakistan to Saudi Arabia has influenced changes for the left-behind families and the community. We find that while migration impacts positively on the material conditions of individual migrants and their families in the village, the potential of migration to impact on other aspects of living conditions, social change and development at community levels is shaped and often limited by existing structures of power, including gender structures and other socio-political structures. In the absence of investment in school infrastructures by the state, remittances from migration have not translated into improved educational outcomes for the children of migrants. We also find that the male migrants are leveraging their new status in the family to exercise more choice in marriage matters with possible negative impact on women.

中文翻译：

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巴基斯坦信德省农村的国际劳务移民和社会变革

本研究探讨劳动力从巴基斯坦信德省的一个村庄迁移到沙特阿拉伯的原因以及如何影响留守家庭和社区的变化。我们发现，虽然移民对村里个体移民及其家庭的物质条件产生积极影响，但移民对生活条件、社会变革和社区发展等其他方面的影响的潜力受到现有社会结构的影响和限制。权力，包括性别结构和其他社会政治结构。在国家没有对学校基础设施进行投资的情况下，移民汇款并没有转化为移民子女的教育成果的改善。