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From free to forced adaptation: A political ecology of the ‘state‐society‐flood’ nexus in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta
Asia Pacific Viewpoint ( IF 1.474 ) Pub Date : 2019-11-03 , DOI: 10.1111/apv.12241
Thong Anh Tran 1, 2, 3
Affiliation  

This paper investigates the adaptation processes with reference to the narrative analysis of human–environment interactions in the Vietnamese Mekong Delta. From the political ecology perspective, it focuses on the discourses of the power relationships embedded within the ‘state‐society‐flood’ nexus over the course of its ‘opening‐up and closing‐off’ processes (e.g. excavating large‐scale canals for human settlements and agricultural expansion (opening‐up) and human interventions into natural systems through water control structures (closing‐off)). Drawing on empirical data gathered from 33 interviews and nine focus group discussions in three study areas and relevant literature, the paper argues that human interactions with the flood environments are intertwined with adjustments of adaptation patterns as evidenced through three periods: free adaptation (pre‐1975), transitional adaptation (1976–2010) and forced adaptation (after 2010). These processes have witnessed a gradual power shift in the ‘state‐society’ relations in manipulating floods, which moves from the top‐down towards a more collaborative fashion. By unravelling the political ecology of the ‘state‐society‐flood’ nexus, this paper exhibits the skewed development in the delta, which is largely bound to short‐term development planning to prioritise local socio‐economic and political objectives. The paper contributes important policy implications for achieving socially just and environmentally sustainable development in the delta.

中文翻译:

从自由适应到强迫适应:越南湄公河三角洲“国家-社会-洪水”关系的政治生态

本文参考了越南湄公河三角洲人与环境相互作用的叙事分析,研究了适应过程。从政治生态学的角度来看,它侧重于在“开放和关闭”过程(例如为人类挖掘大型运河)过程中嵌入在“国家-社会-洪水”关系中的权力关系的论述。定居和农业扩张(开放),以及通过水控制结构(关闭)对自然系统的人为干预)。利用在三个研究领域和相关文献中从33次访谈和9个焦点小组讨论中收集的经验数据,论文认为,人类与洪水环境的相互作用与适应模式的调整交织在一起,这通过三个时期得到证明:免费适应(1975年之前),过渡适应(1976-2010年)和强迫适应(2010年之后)。这些过程见证了“国家与社会”关系在控制洪水中的权力逐渐转移,从上至下逐步走向了更加协作的方式。通过揭示“国家—社会—洪水”联系的政治生态,本文展示了三角洲的偏斜发展,这在很大程度上与短期发展计划有关,以优先考虑当地的社会经济和政治目标。本文为实现三角洲的社会公正和环境可持续发展做出了重要的政策启示。这些过程见证了“国家与社会”关系在控制洪水中的权力逐渐转移,从上至下逐步走向了更加协作的方式。通过揭示“国家—社会—洪水”联系的政治生态,本文展示了三角洲的偏斜发展,这在很大程度上与短期发展计划有关,以优先考虑当地的社会经济和政治目标。本文为实现三角洲的社会公正和环境可持续发展做出了重要的政策启示。这些过程见证了“国家与社会”关系在控制洪水中的权力逐渐转移,从上至下逐步走向了更加协作的方式。通过揭示“国家—社会—洪水”联系的政治生态,本文展示了三角洲的偏斜发展,这在很大程度上与短期发展计划有关,以优先考虑当地的社会经济和政治目标。本文为实现三角洲的社会公正和环境可持续发展做出了重要的政策启示。这很大程度上取决于短期发展规划,以优先考虑当地的社会经济和政治目标。本文为实现三角洲的社会公正和环境可持续发展做出了重要的政策启示。这很大程度上取决于短期发展规划,以优先考虑当地的社会经济和政治目标。本文为实现三角洲的社会公正和环境可持续发展做出了重要的政策启示。
更新日期:2019-11-03
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