ABSTRACT Southeast Anatolia has been an ideal place for pastoralism since the Neolithic period. However, there is a lack of information on human–animal relationships from both archaeological settlements and contemporary societies in the region. Through ethnographic fieldwork and exploratory case studies in the mountainous Ömerli district, we explored the dependency and complex relationships between pastoral groups and various animal species in Southeast Anatolia. The case studies revealed affectionate and emotional bonds between shepherds and some individuals of domestic herds, similar to pet–human relationships in urban societies. Shepherds gave human names to certain animals; sometimes these were the names of their close friends or the names of their own children. Grief and prolonged grief was also common among Ömerli shepherds following the loss, death, or sale of these emotionally bonded animals. It was further observed that a single species (domestic or wild) often had complex and multi-purpose relationships with shepherd groups. While tortoises and hares, for instance, were used as sources of meat, the bone, blood, intestine, skin, and shell of these species were often used in traditional medicine. Although pastoral groups are completely dependent on domestic herds for their basic subsistence, Ömerli shepherds were observed to be regular hunters. It appears that the economic benefits were not the only promoters for pastoral subsistence in the study area; compassion and emotional affection for particular animals also reinforced enthusiasm for the practice. Therefore, it can be argued that the data obtained from pastoral villages in the mountainous Ömerli district help us understand interactions and relationships between humans and nonhuman animals in pastoral societies of Southeast Anatolia.

中文翻译：

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东南安纳托利亚厄梅尔利山区的动物和牧区

摘要 东南安纳托利亚自新石器时代以来一直是理想的牧区。然而，该地区的考古遗址和当代社会都缺乏关于人与动物关系的信息。通过在厄梅尔利山区的民族志实地考察和探索性案例研究，我们探索了安纳托利亚东南部牧区群体与各种动物物种之间的依赖关系和复杂关系。案例研究揭示了牧羊人与家畜中的一些个体之间的深情和情感纽带，类似于城市社会中的宠物与人类关系。牧羊人给某些动物取了人名；有时这些是他们亲密朋友的名字或他们自己孩子的名字。在失去、死亡或出售这些情感纽带的动物后，厄梅尔牧羊人的悲伤和长时间的悲伤也很常见。进一步观察到，单一物种（国内或野生）通常与牧羊人群体有着复杂和多用途的关系。例如，虽然陆龟和野兔被用作肉类的来源，但这些物种的骨头、血液、肠、皮肤和壳经常用于传统医学。尽管牧区完全依赖家养牧群维持基本生计，但据观察，奥梅利牧羊人是经常狩猎的人。看来经济效益并不是研究区牧民生计的唯一推动因素；对特定动物的同情和情感也增强了人们对这种做法的热情。所以，