This paper focuses on the notion of ‘participation’ as it has been used in the social sciences throughout the 20th century. It proposes that there are two main traditions of use – an ‘individual’ one, and a ‘dividual’ one – and it argues in favour of the latter. It does this by examining how Simmel and Goffman, on the one hand, and Lévy-Bruhl and Durkheim, on the other, defined participation. Developed by Lucien Lévy-Bruhl in the first part of the last century, ‘participation’ in the dividual sense is today being given new life by sociocultural anthropologists such as Marshall Sahlins and phenomenologically inclined cognitive scientists such as Shaun Gallagher. The paper addresses the roots of the concept in Scholastic theology and proposes to show how central it can come to be to a sociocultural anthropology that is willing to take on frontally the challenges presently being posed by embodied cognition.

中文翻译：

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参与方式

本文关注“参与”的概念，因为它已在整个20世纪的社会科学中使用。它提出了两种主要的使用传统，即“个人”使用和“个人”使用，并主张使用后者。它通过检查一方面Simmel和Goffman以及另一方面Lévy-Bruhl和Durkheim如何定义参与来做到这一点。由LucienLévy-Bruhl在上个世纪初开发的，如今，个体意义上的“参与”正被诸如Marshall Sahlins之类的社会文化人类学家和诸如Shaun Gallagher之类的从现象学角度出发的认知科学家赋予新的生命。